The authors studied the mineralogical characteristics of Gaoshan stones and Kengtou stones from Shoushan, Fujian Province, by means of microhardness tester, hydrostatic weighing method, X-ray powder diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), atomic absorption spectrophotometer and environmental scanning electron microscopy (ESEM). The study probed into the differences between Gaoshan stones and Kengtou stones in the aspects of hardness, specific gravity, mineral composition, chemical composition and microstructure characteristics, with a discussion on the factors affecting the color and transparency of Shoushan stones. The results indicate that the samples collected in the study all belong to kaolinite group Shoushan stones.