Located in Ruoqiang County of Xinjiang, the Abei ore deposit is a medium-size Ag-Pb deposit recently discovered in eastern Altun Mountains. Tectonically, it is sandwiched between NE-trending Altun strike-slip fault and EW-trending northern Altun marginal fault. In combination with an analysis of the regional tectonic evolution and features of the ore-controlling structure, the authors hold that the Abei Ag-Pb ore deposit is a magmatic hydrothermal ore deposit controlled by high-angle brittle fracture and related to intermediate-acid magmatic activity during the closure and collision of Hongliugou-Lapeiquan back-arc basin in late Early Paleozoic.