The authors collected systemically the samples on the suspensions, sedimentary columns and surface sediments in Nanjing section in the Yangtze River and analyzed their concentrations of Al, Fe, Mn, Hg, Ni, Cr, Cu, Pb, Cd, Co and Zn. It was concluded that the vertical variation for the element concentration of columnar sediments was small; reflecting the sources of sediments was steady. The principal factor analysis of trace elements in surface sediments suggested that element concentrations were dominated by valley geology;however, the elements of Cd, Cu, Pb and Zn were principally associated with human activities.