The diagenetic characteristics and the impact of diagenesis on reservoir quality in the Xujiahe sandstones of West Sichuan Province are described based on petrologic, mineralogy, and petrophysical analysis. Depositional facies and various types of diagenetic alterations have caused considerable deterioration and heterogeneity in the Xujiahe sandstones. The diagenetic events that influence the reservoir quality mainly include mechanical compaction, pressure dissolution of detrital quartz, cementation by authigenic minerals, dissolution of detrital silicates, and the formation of grain-rimming chlorite. The main pore types of high-quality reservoirs include the surplus intergranular pores and solution enlarged pores and the preservation of primary pores is critical to the formation of secondary pores and the reservoir quality. Fracturing has resulted in an increase in sandstone porosity and permeability and enhanced the development of secondary pores.