<SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: ’Times New Roman’,’serif’; FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA" lang=EN-US>size=3>e="EnDivSummary">A new species of Gobicricetodon is described from the Middle Miocene of Aya Cave in the Lake Baikal area. It differs from the other species of this genus by its smaller size and some primitive characters of the dentition. In previous studies, Gobicricetodon together with Plesiodipus has been considered as belonging to a distinct Subfamily Gobicricetodontinae. However, great similarities of dentition suggest affinities with several other Eurasian genera grouped in the subfamily Cricetodontinae. In addition, this analysis suggests an origin for the group from within a Cricetodon-stock of western Eurasia. Another result is that the genus Cricetodon is apparently polyphyletic and needs division into several genera.