The authors have inverted for the Rayleigh wave group velocity distribution of Heilongjiang Province at periods of 8~40 s using ambient noise tomography. Two-years continuous data used in this study are from 44 permanent seismic stations of the Heilongjiang Regional Seismic Network and adjacent stations in Jilin and Inner Mongolia provinces. The results show significant lateral variations in crustal and uppermost mantle structures of the region. Group velocity anomalies at short periods correlate well with the surface geology of basins and mountains. The strong slow velocity anomaly at periods of 8~20 s beneath the Songliao Basin suggests a rather thick sediment deposit.