The Pb-Zn metallogenic area in southwestern Guizhou province is one of the important parts of the Chuan-Dian-Qian Pb-Zn metallogenic district. This paper describes the regional geological background and geological characteristics of typical Pb-Zn deposits in northwest Guizhou. It also analyzes the distribution relations between the deposits and structural system. It is considered that geological structure is a principal factor to control metallogeny. The authors emphasize that research on structural system is very important for the prospecting in the study area.