///Based on the previous researches, combined with lots of field investigations and indoor collations in recent three years done by the authors, this paper tentatively makes a comprehensive elucidation of the geological characteristics, distribution patterns and mineralization types of iron deposits in western Tianshan Mountains of Xinjiang. The authors preliminarily discuss the geological setting of iron metallogeny in western Tianshan Mountains, and hold that this area might belong to the late stage of a collisional orogenic continental environment in Carboniferous period, with the development of the extrusion-extensinal tectonic transition somewhere, and these geological settings were favorable for iron mineralization.