摘要
Since Tóth put forward the theory of groundwater flow systems, most of researchers have investigated the development of flow system using analytic solutions or numerical simulations based on given head upper boundary, and believed that multi-order groundwater flow systems developed in the basin of complex topographic potential and simple groundwater flow systems developed under simple topography. However, based on the experiments using the updated groundwater flow system sand-box model, the authors found that the development of flow systems was controlled by infiltration intensity under the experimental conditions of unchanged model size, medium and valleys. The experiments show that constant flux upper boundary, namely constant infiltration intensity, can better reveal the mechanism of development and change of basin groundwater flow patterns.