The Chenxi-Yuanling pyrite and Pb-Zn mineralization cluster of Western Hunan Province is located in the Xuefeng Uplift region of the western Jiangnan orogenic belt to the southeastern margin of the Yangtze era- ton. The deposits occur in microcrystalline dolomite at the bottom of the Sinian Doushantuo Formation (Zxbd). The orebodies are strictly controlled by the lithology, lithofacies, palaeogeography, the roof and floor of country rock, fold structure. The ore-forming process can be divided into two stages: the diagenetic stage, most of the pyrite ore-bodies formed while Pb and Zn were only as ore embryo; the diagenesis - epigenetic stage, the Pb-Zn metals were extracted from strata and transported by the ore-forming hydrothermal fluid to deposited in the bottom of Doushantuo dolomite. Post-mineralization transformation is a multi-stage process which is related to tectonic ac- tivities of Xuefeng Uplift. Sinian Doushantuo Formation (Zlbd) and anticline of subtidal-lagoon dolomite facies are the favorable prospecting indicators, while surface metal oxide, geophysical and geochemical anomalies, geomor- phology flag and mining relics may be helpful for ore prospecting.