In order to reveal the long-term stability characteristics of surrounding rock in a big span road tunnel, this study has derived theoretical equations and practical formulas for surrounding rock stability using theoretical analysis and measured data. On the basis of measured data, simplified geometry and mechanical models, the back analysis on the physical and mechanical parameters of surrounding rock was conducted. Therefore, the distribution of stress and displacement of surrounding rock was obtained for rock stability analysis. The study results show that this analytical calculation method is simple, practical and can derive the stability state of surrounding rock. It provides a useful reference for road tunnel analysis.