Sinian system to Silurian carbonate rocks is generally buried deeper than 3 500 m, which belonged to deep carbonate reservoir rocks. The petrological and geochemical data had showed that complicated and multi-staged diagenesis and fluid infilling had intimate relationship with formation, preservation and damage mechanism of high quality reservoir rocks. In a word, the controlling factors just for the deep carbonate reservoir rocks were as follows: 1) depositional environment had intensely controlling on the Ordovician and Silurian reservoirs rocks; 2) paleouplift was a prerequisite, and karstification and fractures were as a necessary condition; 3) infilling and thermal cracking of hydrocarbon were the main preservation mechanism, and so is moderate recrystallization; and 4)compaction- pressure solution and cementation-infilling were the most important factor for densification of reservoir rocks.