The Heilongjiang complex zone like a belt from south to north exposed to the east of Jiayin-Mudanjiang suture zone. Studies indicate that the Heilongjiang complex zone is mainly formed from the late Hercynian to Indosinian. Geochemical characteristics suggest a geological background of the oceanic crust subduction and collision of the Jiamusi Massif and the Songnen Block (Songhua River-Nenjiang River Block). Combined with isotope study, paleontological research and geological background of the Jiamusi Massif, this study sums up a formation and evolution model of the Heilongjiang complex, and develops a lithofacies paleogeography diagram of Late Carboniferous to Early Permian in Northeast China.