Based on a study of the characteristics of Carboniferous-Permian basin basement structure, lithostratigraphy, sedimentary evolution and planar sedimentary facies, the authors consider that the Carboniferous-Permian basin of Ejin Banner and its vicinities is a uniform rift basin. Based on a study of the distribution of hydrocarbon source rocks, organic matter abundance, kerogen type and hydrocarbon source rock evolution, it is considered that widespread shallow sea-continental shelf argillutite has good conditions for hydrocarbon generation. Controlled by thermal contact of Yanshanian intrusive rock and tectonic dynamometamorphism in the strongly tectonic reworking belt, the hydrocarbon source rocks of the northern study area was once reached the mature stage.