The distribution of heavy minerals in deposits is subjected to the provenance, tectonic uplifting, palaeogeomorphology, paleoclimate and paleoenvironment, etc. By the relative analysis of heavy minerals, this paper illustrates that the provenance direction of the sandstones of the Lower Silurian Xiaoheba Formation in Southeast Sichuan Province is from southeast to northwest, that is to say, the provenance comes from the southwest section of the Xuefengshan uplift, and the provenance direction of the sandstone of the Lower Silurian Xiaoheba Formation in West Hunan Province is from northeast to southwest, that is to say, the provenance comes from northeast section of the Xuefengshan uplift. The characteristics and distribution of the pyrite and brown hematite in the Xiaoheba stage indicate that the Xuefengshan uplift and Qianzhong uplift are oxidized environment, while the Nanchuan and Xiushan-Yanhe are two depressions in a reducing environment.