Taking dredger fill in Tianjin as study sample, indoor sedimentation test in the effect of seepage is performed along with quantificational analysis of microstructure of soil using image processing technology. And then, the changing of evaluation indicators,such as the size of structure element and pore, abundance, and directional frequency are discussed. The result indicates that, with the increase of seepage pressure, the dispersed structural elements of soil become agglomerated elements displaying a variety of oblate but without directing property. Simultaneously,the pores in the soil are diminished and compacted to be globoid ones after losing balance.