The East Java Basin is one of the most important oil and gas bearing basins in Indonesia. Its Cenozoic tectonic evolution can be summarized as two rifting phases and two compressional events. The Eocene back-arc rifting basin resulted from the northward subduction of the Indo-Australian plate under Sunderland. The subduction changed its direction to NE-SW in the Oligocene, which induced the second phase of E-W extension and rifting. The Roo Rise ocean plateau, south of East Java, collided with Sunderland at about 15 Ma, which resulted in the formation of major type of oil traps and positive inversion structures in the basin. Part of the Australian proximal continental slope collided with the Banda Volcanic Arc at about 3.5~2 Ma and caused the second phase of compressional deformation in the East Java Basin.