贵州水城仡佬语初探
|
摘要
贵州水城仡佬语语音系统趋于简化,复辅音、浊塞擦音消失,浊塞音声母已不具音位地位,小舌音声母趋于归并舌根音,有腭化音声母,韵母以开音节为优势,鼻音韵尾有-n、-η,不常见;词汇以单音节为主,a~(31)词头常见,还有pu~(55)、ma~(55)、lei~(31)等;名词的修饰成分以后置为常,否定词置于句末,疑问形式丰富,动词体貌不发达。
This paper presents a preliminary study on the phonology,morphology and grammar of the Gelao language as spoken in Shuicheng,Guizhou Province.Its phonology tends to be simplifying:initial consonant clusters and voiced affricate initials are disappearing;voiced stop initials are no longer phonemes;uvular initials tend to merge with velar initials;there are palatal initial consonants;open syllables are prevalent;and nasal codas-n and-η can occur in the language,but with very low frequency.Words are dominantly monosyllabic,and there are prefixes like a~(31)-,pu~(55)-,ma~(55)- and lei~(31)-,with a~(31)- being the common one.Grammatically,nominal modifiers usually follow the head nouns;negation Particles are sentence-final in negative sentences;there are rich varieties of interrogative constructions;and aspect and modality systems of verbs are underdeveloped.
This paper presents a preliminary study on the phonology,morphology and grammar of the Gelao language as spoken in Shuicheng,Guizhou Province.Its phonology tends to be simplifying:initial consonant clusters and voiced affricate initials are disappearing;voiced stop initials are no longer phonemes;uvular initials tend to merge with velar initials;there are palatal initial consonants;open syllables are prevalent;and nasal codas-n and-η can occur in the language,but with very low frequency.Words are dominantly monosyllabic,and there are prefixes like a~(31)-,pu~(55)-,ma~(55)- and lei~(31)-,with a~(31)- being the common one.Grammatically,nominal modifiers usually follow the head nouns;negation Particles are sentence-final in negative sentences;there are rich varieties of interrogative constructions;and aspect and modality systems of verbs are underdeveloped.
引文
D·布莱德雷著,乐塞月、陈康、鲁丁译:《彝语支源流》,四川民族出版社,1992年。
贺嘉善:《仡佬语简志》,民族出版社,1983年。
梁敏、张均如:《侗台语族概论》,中国社会科学出版社,1996年。
《藏缅语语音和词汇》编写组:《藏缅语语音和词汇》,中国社会科学出版社,1991年。
张济民:《仡佬语研究》,贵州民族出版社,1993年。
Ostapirat,Weera.2000.Proto-Kra.Linguistic of the Tibeto-Burman Area.23.1(Monograph).
(1)比较语料来源为我们建立的仡央语言数据库和《藏缅语语音和词汇》,原始仡央语构拟引自Weera(2000),普诺伊语(Phunoi)、毕僳语(Bisu)、原始彝语支、原始拉祜语构拟引自D·布莱德雷(1992)。
(1)此处有变调现象,括号内为本调。文中其他处变调现象不再另作说明。
贺嘉善:《仡佬语简志》,民族出版社,1983年。
梁敏、张均如:《侗台语族概论》,中国社会科学出版社,1996年。
《藏缅语语音和词汇》编写组:《藏缅语语音和词汇》,中国社会科学出版社,1991年。
张济民:《仡佬语研究》,贵州民族出版社,1993年。
Ostapirat,Weera.2000.Proto-Kra.Linguistic of the Tibeto-Burman Area.23.1(Monograph).
(1)比较语料来源为我们建立的仡央语言数据库和《藏缅语语音和词汇》,原始仡央语构拟引自Weera(2000),普诺伊语(Phunoi)、毕僳语(Bisu)、原始彝语支、原始拉祜语构拟引自D·布莱德雷(1992)。
(1)此处有变调现象,括号内为本调。文中其他处变调现象不再另作说明。
目录