河流滨岸带坡面对降雨径流的污染削减效应——以上海市樱桃河为例
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摘要
选取上海市闵行区樱桃河畔具代表性的滨岸带地域,在模拟降雨过程中,设置不同坡度,不同坡长及植被条件下的对比实验。得出最优方案:坡度约为8°±0.5°,被冬青覆盖的河滨带在宽度为4~5 m时,对降雨径流的污染削减效果最佳。此时模拟地表径流平均入水质状况为,进水水质:ρ(COD)=154.7 mg/L、ρ(TP)=0.55 mg/L、ρ(NH3-N)=1.19 mg/L,出水水质:ρ(COD)=77.38 mg/L、ρ(TP)=0.29 mg/L、ρ(NH3-N)=0.69 mg/L;削减率分别为49.98%,47.27%,41.61%。试验结果为提高城市绿地规划与建设的合理性以及城市降雨径流非点源污染的控制提供参考。
Contrast experiments were conducted of different gradients,grade lengths,and vegetation covers during a simulated rainfall process on the bank of the Yingtao River,a typical river bank area,in the Minhang District of Shanghai. The results show that a river bank that has a gradient of 8°±0.5°and is covered by Chinese ilex with a grade length of four to five meters has an optimal pollution reduction effect.Meanwhile,the average quality of input water is 154.7 mg/L for COD,0.55 mg/L for TP,and 1.19 mg/L for NH3-N;and the quality of exported water is 77.38 mg/L for COD,0.29 mg/L for TP,and 0.69 mg/L for NH3-N.The reduction rates of COD,TP,and NH3-N are 49.98%,47.27%,and 41.61%,respectively.This study provides references for rational design and construction of urban public green lands and non-point pollution control of urban rainfall runoff.
Contrast experiments were conducted of different gradients,grade lengths,and vegetation covers during a simulated rainfall process on the bank of the Yingtao River,a typical river bank area,in the Minhang District of Shanghai. The results show that a river bank that has a gradient of 8°±0.5°and is covered by Chinese ilex with a grade length of four to five meters has an optimal pollution reduction effect.Meanwhile,the average quality of input water is 154.7 mg/L for COD,0.55 mg/L for TP,and 1.19 mg/L for NH3-N;and the quality of exported water is 77.38 mg/L for COD,0.29 mg/L for TP,and 0.69 mg/L for NH3-N.The reduction rates of COD,TP,and NH3-N are 49.98%,47.27%,and 41.61%,respectively.This study provides references for rational design and construction of urban public green lands and non-point pollution control of urban rainfall runoff.
引文
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[2]程江.上海中心城区土地利用/土地覆被变化的环境水文效应研究[D].上海:华东师范大学,2007.
[3]SILBURN D M,EGLANDVILLE S.Management practices forcontrol of runoff losses from cotton furrows under stormrainfa11[J].Aust J Soil Res,2002,40:1-20.
[4]刘勇华,高超,王登峰,等.城市降雨径流污染初始冲刷效应对BMPs选择的启示[J].水资源保护,2009,25(6):29-32.
[5]严国武,杨夫英.论植物措施在秦州区水土保持生态环境建设中的作用及发展前景[J].甘肃科技,2009,25(22):167-169.
[6]任玉芬,王效科,韩冰,等.城市不同下垫面的降雨径流污染[J].生态学报,2005,25(12):3225-3230.
[7]张旭东,阮晓红,孙敏.利用地表漫流系统处理新沂河污水的试验研究[J].河海大学学报:自然科学版,2005,33(3):273-276.
[8]孙敏,阮晓红,张旭东,等.地表漫流系统处理污染新沂河水的中试研究[J].中国给水排水,2006,22(9):46-49.
[9]张荣社,周琪,李旭东,等.自由表面人工湿地脱氮效果中试研究[J].环境污染治理技术与设备,2002,3(12):9-11.
[10]熊飞,李文朝,潘继征,等.人工湿地脱氮除磷的效果与机理研究进展[J].湿地科学,2005,3(3):228-234.
目录