长江梯级水库下游重点滩段河势及航道条件变化
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摘要
长江上游特大型梯级水库运行后坝下游水沙条件将显著变化,对下游河势和航道条件产生影响。本文建立了向家坝下游水富至泸州(水泸段)二维水沙数学模型,在验证的基础上,计算分析了向家坝、溪洛渡水库运行后向家坝下游河段泥沙冲淤时空变化规律,研究了重点滩段河势变化及对航道的影响。研究表明,上游梯级枢纽运行后,向家坝下游河道总体呈冲刷态势,弯曲河段水流趋直但仍保持弯曲河型,分汉河段支汉水浩萎缩,主槽冲深,这对增加过渡段浅滩航深有利,但局部产生淤积,造成新的浅段;边滩淤积,滩槽高差加大,加剧局部不良流态,急流浅滩的航行条件有恶化趋势。
Cascade reservoirs on the upper Yangtze,after operation,will significantly change their downstream conditions,e.g.water and sediment conditions,river regime,and navigation conditions.This paper develops a 2D water-sediment mathematical model for the reach from Shuifu to Luzhou(or Shuilu reach in short) downstream of the Xiangjiaba dam.On the basis of verification,this model has been applied to calculation and analysis of riverbed scour and silting in this reach after impoundment of the Xiangjiaba and Xiluodu reservoirs,focusing on the changes in river regime and navigation conditions in some typical shoals.The results show that after the impoundment the downstream channel takes an overall scour trend,which can be demonstrated with three general changes.First,in curved reaches the flows tend to take a straightforward path though the river pattern remains curved;second,in braided reaches the branches tend to decay while the main channel to be scoured deeper,favorable to navigation,but local deposition will happen in some reaches,creating new shoals;last,the difference in elevations of floodplain and channel will be increased as a result of silting on point bars and scour in main channel,which aggravates local adverse flow patterns and deteriorates the navigation conditions in torrential shoals.
Cascade reservoirs on the upper Yangtze,after operation,will significantly change their downstream conditions,e.g.water and sediment conditions,river regime,and navigation conditions.This paper develops a 2D water-sediment mathematical model for the reach from Shuifu to Luzhou(or Shuilu reach in short) downstream of the Xiangjiaba dam.On the basis of verification,this model has been applied to calculation and analysis of riverbed scour and silting in this reach after impoundment of the Xiangjiaba and Xiluodu reservoirs,focusing on the changes in river regime and navigation conditions in some typical shoals.The results show that after the impoundment the downstream channel takes an overall scour trend,which can be demonstrated with three general changes.First,in curved reaches the flows tend to take a straightforward path though the river pattern remains curved;second,in braided reaches the branches tend to decay while the main channel to be scoured deeper,favorable to navigation,but local deposition will happen in some reaches,creating new shoals;last,the difference in elevations of floodplain and channel will be increased as a result of silting on point bars and scour in main channel,which aggravates local adverse flow patterns and deteriorates the navigation conditions in torrential shoals.
引文
[1]张为,李义天,江凌.三峡水库蓄水后长江中下游典型分汊浅滩河段演变趋势预测[J].四川大学学报,2008,40(4):17-24.ZHANG Wei,LI Yitian,JIANG Ling.Fluvial Process Change of the Typical Multi-Branched Meandering Reach in the Mid-Down Yangtze River After Three Gorges Dam Impoundment[J].Journal of Sichuan University(Engineering Science Edition),2008,40(4):17-24.(in Chinese)
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[10]府仁寿,齐梅兰,方红卫,等.长江上游工程对宜昌来水来沙变化的影响[J].水力发电学报,2006,25(6):103-110.FU Renshou,QI Meilan,FANG Hongwei,et al.Incoming runoff and sediment runoff to Yichang hydrometric station affected by the projects on the upstream of Yangtze River[J].Journal of Hydroelectric Engineering,2006,25(6):103-110.(in Chinese)
[11]长江重庆航运工程勘察设计院.长江上游泸州纳溪至重庆娄溪沟航道建设工程航道整治工程效果分析报告[R].重庆,2008.Changjiang Chongqing Harbour and Waterway Engineering Investigation and Design Institute.The results analysis report of the waterway construction project in the upper reaches of Yangtze river from Luzhou Naxi to Chongqing Louxigou[R].Chongqing,2008.(in Chinese)
[12]陆永军,徐成伟,左利钦,等.长江中游卵石挟沙河段二维水沙数学模型[J].水力发电学报,2008,27(4):36-47.LU Yongjun,XU Chengwei,ZUO Liqin,et al.2D mathematical model for water-sediment with gravel and sand in the middle reaches of the Yangtze River[J].Journal of Hydroelectric Engineering,2008,27(4):36-47.(in Chinese)
[13]Lu Yongjun.Mathematical modeling of degradation and fluvial process downstream reservoirs[J].Journal of Hydrodynamics,2001,13(4):.107-112.
[14]Lu Yongjun,Chen QuoxiangA Non-uniform sediment transport model with the boundary-fitting orthogonal coordinate system[J].Journal of Hydrodynamics,2002,14(1):64-68.
[15]毛继新.金沙江梯级水电站建设对向家坝水库出库水沙的影响[R].北京:中国水利水电科学研究院,2013.MAO Jixin.Impact of the construction of hydropower stations on the Jinsha River cascade Xiangjiaba reservoir of water and sediment out of the library[R].Beijing:China Institute of Water Resources and Hydropower Research,2013.(in Chinese)
[2]陈立,闰霞,周银军,等.三峡水库蓄水初期关洲分汉河段的冲淤调整分析[J].泥沙研究,2012,(1):53-57.CHEN Li,YAN Xia,ZHOU Yinjun,et al.Erosion and deposition of Guanzhou braided reach during initial impoundment period of Three Gorges Project[J].Journal of Sediment Research,2012,(1):53-57.(in Chinese)
[3]许全喜.三峡工程蓄水运用前后长江中下游干流河道冲淤规律研究[J].水力发电学报,2013,32(2):146-154.XU Quanxi.Study of sediment deposition and erosion patterns in the middle and downstream Changjiang mainstream after impoundment of TGR[J].Journal of Hydroelectric Engineering,2013,32(2):146-154.(in Chinese)
[4]李明,朱玲玲,李义天,等.长江中下游鹅头型分汉河道演变机理及发展趋势研究[J].水力发电学报,2013,32(1):174-180,186.LI Ming,ZHU Lingling,LI Yitian.et al.Study on evolution mechanism and development trend of the goose-head pattern braided channel in the middle and lower Yangtze River[J].Journal of Hydroelectric Engineering,2013,32(1):174-180,186.(in Chinese)
[5]姚仕明,黄莉,卢金友.三峡、丹江口水库运行前后坝下游不同河型稳定性对比分析[J].泥沙研究,2012,(3):41-45.YAO Shiming,HUANG Li,LU Jinyou.Comparative analysis of river bed stability of different river patterns below reservoirs before and after commissioning of Three Gorges Project and Danjiangkou Project[J].Journal of Sediment Research,2012,(3):41-45.(in Chinese)
[6]戴会超,何文社,袁杰,等.葛洲坝水利枢纽运行后泥沙冲淤变化分析[J].水科学进展,2005,16(5):691-695.DAI Huichao,HE Wendu,YUAN Jie,et al.Analysis on scour and deposit variation characteristic of sediment after the operation of Gezhouba hydro project[J].Advances in Water Science,2005,16(5):691-695.(in Chinese)
[7]张俊勇,陈立,吴门伍,等.水库下游河流再造床过程的时空演替现象—以丹江口建库后汉江中下游为例[J].水科学进展,2006,17(3):348-353.ZHANG Junyong,CHEN Li,WU Menwu,et al.Phenomena of replacement between spatial and temporal processes during the process of reformation downstream reservoirs:A case study of middle-lower Han River after the construction of Danjiangkou reservoir[J].Advances in Water Science,2005,16(5):691-695.(in Chinese)
[8]王志力,陆永军.向家坝水利枢纽下泄非恒定流的数值模拟[J].水利水电科技进展,2008,28(3):12-15.Wang Zhili,LU Yongjun.Numerical simulation of unsteady flow in Xiangjiaba Hydropower Project[J].Advances in Science and Technology of Water Resources,2008,28(3):12-15.(in Chinese)
[9]曹民雄,庞雪松,王秀红,等.向家坝水电站下游非恒定水沙特性研究[J].水利水运工程学报,2011,(1):28-34.CAO Minxiong,PANG Xuesong,WANG Xiuhong,et al.Experimental study on unsteady flow and sediment characteristic downstream of Xiangjiaba power station[J].Hydro-Science and Engineering,2011,(1):28-34.(in Chinese)
[10]府仁寿,齐梅兰,方红卫,等.长江上游工程对宜昌来水来沙变化的影响[J].水力发电学报,2006,25(6):103-110.FU Renshou,QI Meilan,FANG Hongwei,et al.Incoming runoff and sediment runoff to Yichang hydrometric station affected by the projects on the upstream of Yangtze River[J].Journal of Hydroelectric Engineering,2006,25(6):103-110.(in Chinese)
[11]长江重庆航运工程勘察设计院.长江上游泸州纳溪至重庆娄溪沟航道建设工程航道整治工程效果分析报告[R].重庆,2008.Changjiang Chongqing Harbour and Waterway Engineering Investigation and Design Institute.The results analysis report of the waterway construction project in the upper reaches of Yangtze river from Luzhou Naxi to Chongqing Louxigou[R].Chongqing,2008.(in Chinese)
[12]陆永军,徐成伟,左利钦,等.长江中游卵石挟沙河段二维水沙数学模型[J].水力发电学报,2008,27(4):36-47.LU Yongjun,XU Chengwei,ZUO Liqin,et al.2D mathematical model for water-sediment with gravel and sand in the middle reaches of the Yangtze River[J].Journal of Hydroelectric Engineering,2008,27(4):36-47.(in Chinese)
[13]Lu Yongjun.Mathematical modeling of degradation and fluvial process downstream reservoirs[J].Journal of Hydrodynamics,2001,13(4):.107-112.
[14]Lu Yongjun,Chen QuoxiangA Non-uniform sediment transport model with the boundary-fitting orthogonal coordinate system[J].Journal of Hydrodynamics,2002,14(1):64-68.
[15]毛继新.金沙江梯级水电站建设对向家坝水库出库水沙的影响[R].北京:中国水利水电科学研究院,2013.MAO Jixin.Impact of the construction of hydropower stations on the Jinsha River cascade Xiangjiaba reservoir of water and sediment out of the library[R].Beijing:China Institute of Water Resources and Hydropower Research,2013.(in Chinese)
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