长江水系武汉段典型有机氯农药的生态风险评价
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摘要
通过采集并测定长江水系武汉段30个不同样点水样中3种典型有机氯农药(OCPs)(p,p′-DDT、艾氏剂、γ-HCH)的浓度,依据OCPs对44~68种水生生物的无可见效应浓度(NOEC),分别应用商值法、概率密度函数重叠面积和联合概率曲线3种风险评价方法对长江水系武汉段p,p′-DDT、γ-HCH、艾氏剂的生态风险进行了评价.结果表明,3种风险评价方法得到的结果基本一致,长江水系武汉段3种OCPs残留均存在一定的生态风险.其中,p,p′-DDT的生态风险最大,艾氏剂次之,γ-HCH的生态风险最小.此外,对风险评价过程中存在的不确定性进行了分析,通过对不同方法及评价结果的分析表明,联合概率曲线方法更适合于长江水系武汉段OCPs的风险表征.
Based on the concentrations of organochlorine pesticides(OCPs)in 30 water samples collected from the Wuhan reaches of the Yangtze River and the no observed effect concentration(NOEC)values of 44~68 aquatic organisms,the quotient method and two probabilistic risk approaches were adopted to characterize ecological risks of p,p'-DDT,γ-HCH and Aldrin in water from the Wuhan area of the Yangtze River.The results indicated that the ecological risks of these OCPs to local aquatic organisms were low.Among the three OCPs,ecological risk of p,p'-DDT was the highest and that of γ-HCH was the lowest.In addition,comparing the results among the three approaches,the joint probability curve was the most appropriate method for risk characterization of OCPs in the Yangtze River catchment of Wuhan.
Based on the concentrations of organochlorine pesticides(OCPs)in 30 water samples collected from the Wuhan reaches of the Yangtze River and the no observed effect concentration(NOEC)values of 44~68 aquatic organisms,the quotient method and two probabilistic risk approaches were adopted to characterize ecological risks of p,p'-DDT,γ-HCH and Aldrin in water from the Wuhan area of the Yangtze River.The results indicated that the ecological risks of these OCPs to local aquatic organisms were low.Among the three OCPs,ecological risk of p,p'-DDT was the highest and that of γ-HCH was the lowest.In addition,comparing the results among the three approaches,the joint probability curve was the most appropriate method for risk characterization of OCPs in the Yangtze River catchment of Wuhan.
引文
1)数据库网址:http://cfpub.epa.gov/ecotox/
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Cheng Y,Zhou J Y,Shan Z J.2005.Progress of study on aquaticecological risk assessment of pesticides in USA[J].ChineseJournal of Pesticide Science,7(4):293—298(in Chinese)
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Wang X L,Xu F L,Li B G,et al.2002.Risk assessment of ecotoxicityof benzo(a)pyrene,fluorethene and phenanthrene in Tianjinwastewater irrigated area[J].Urban Environment&UrbanEcology,15(4):10—12(in Chinese)
Wei D,Kisuno A,Kameya T,et al.2006.Anewmethod for evaluatingbiological safety of environmental water with algae,daphnia and fishtoxicity ranks[J].Science of The Total Environment,371(1-3):383—390
Xu S F,Jiang X,Feng J,et al.2000.Gas chromatographic method forthe determination of organochlorine pesticides in suspended solidsand sediments of the Yangtze River[J].Acta ScientiaeCircumstantiae,20(4):494—498(in Chinese)
Yang J M,Wang Y,Su Q Q.2004.Investigation of organochlorinepesticides residue in Wuhan section of the Yangtze River[J].Journal of Wuhan Institute of Chemical Technology,26(4):38—41(in Chinese)
Yang N Q,Matsuda M,Kawano M,et al.2006.PCBs andorganochlorine pesticides(OCPs)in edible fish and shellfish fromChina[J].Chemosphere,63(8):1342—1352
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Yang Y,Shi X,Xu F L,et al.2004.Risk analysis of naphthalenepollution in soils of Tianjin[J].Environmental Science,25(2):115—118(in Chinese)
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Zhou D,Zhang W H,Wang L S.1995.Extrapolation in risk assessmentof toxicant[J].Advances in Environmental Science,3(2):42—48(in Chinese)
陈建芳,叶新荣,周怀阳,等.1999.长江口-杭州湾有机污染历史初步研究─BHC与DDT的地层学记录[J].中国环境科学,19(3):206—210
程燕,周军英,单正军.2005.美国农药水生生态风险评价研究进展[J].农药学学报,7(4):293—298
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石璇,杨宇,徐福留,等.2004.天津地区地表水中多环芳烃的生态风险[J].环境科学学报,24(4):619—624
王喜龙,徐福留,李本纲,等.2002.天津污灌区苯并(a)芘、荧蒽和菲生态毒性的风险表征[J].城市环境与城市生态,15(4):10—12
许士奋,蒋新,冯建,等.2000.气相色谱法测定长江水体悬浮物和沉积物中有机氯农药的残留量[J].环境科学学报,20(4):494—498
杨嘉谟,王赟,苏青青.2004.有机氯农药在长江武汉段的残留状况调查[J].武汉化工学院学报,26(4):38—41
杨毅,刘敏,许世远,等.2003.长江口潮滩表层沉积物中PCBs和OCPs的分布[J].中国环境科学,23(2):215—219
杨宇,石璇,徐福留,等.2004.天津地区土壤中萘的生态风险分析[J].环境科学,25(2):115—118
殷浩文.1995.水环境生态风险评价程序[J].上海环境科学,14(11):11—14
周玳,张文华,王连生,等.1995.毒物风险评价外推方法[J].环境科学进展,3(2):42—48
Chen C S.2005.Ecological risk assessment for aquatic species exposedto contaminants in Keelung River,Taiwan[J].Chemosphere,61(8):1142—1158
Chen J F,Ye X R,Zhou H Y,et al.1999.Preliminary study on themarine organic pollution history in Changjiang Estuary-HangzhouBay-BHC and DDT stratigraphical records[J].ChinaEnvironmental Science,19(3):206—210(in Chinese)
Cheng Y,Zhou J Y,Shan Z J.2005.Progress of study on aquaticecological risk assessment of pesticides in USA[J].ChineseJournal of Pesticide Science,7(4):293—298(in Chinese)
Heger W,Jung S J,Martin S,et al.1995.Acute and prolonged toxicityto aquatic organisms of new and existing chemicals and pesticides:1.Variability of the acute to prolonged ratio2.Relation to logPowand Water Solubility[J].Chemosphere,31(2):2707—2726
Hernando M D,Mezcua M,Fernández-Alba A R,et al.2006.Environmental risk assessment of pharmaceutical residues inwastewater effluents,surface waters and sediments[J].Talanta,69(2):334—342
Lange R,Hutchinson TH,Scholz N,et al.1998.Analysis of the ecetocaquatic toxicity(EAT)database II—Comparison of acute tochronic ratios for various aquatic organisms and chemical substances[J].Chemosphere,36(1):115—127
Liu HL,Liu M,Cheng S B,et al.2005.Occurrence of organochlorinepesticides(OCPs)in suspended particle matters(SPMs)andsurface sediments of the south bank of the Yangtze estuary[J].China Environmental Science,25(5):622—626(in Chinese)
Shi X,Yang Y,Xu F L,et al.2004.Ecological risk assessment ofpolycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in surface water from Tianjin[J].Acta Scientiae Circumstantiae,24(4):619—624(in Chinese)
Solomon K,Giesy J,Jones P.2000.Probabilistic risk assessment ofagrochemicals in the environment[J].Crop Protection,19(8-10):649—655
Solomon K R,Sibley P.2002.New concepts in ecological riskassessment:where do we go from here?[J].Marine PollutionBulletin,44(4):279—285
USEPA.2000.Technical Progress Report of the Implementation Plan forProbabilistic Ecological Assessments-Aquatic Systems[R].Washington DC:USEPA
Verschueren K.2001.Handbook of Environmental Data on OrganicChemicals[M].New York:Van Nostrand-Reinhold,650—653
Wang X L,Tao S,Dawson R W,et al.2002.Characterizing andcomparing risks of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in a Tianjinwastewater irrigated area[J].Environment Research,90(3):201—206
Wang X L,Xu F L,Li B G,et al.2002.Risk assessment of ecotoxicityof benzo(a)pyrene,fluorethene and phenanthrene in Tianjinwastewater irrigated area[J].Urban Environment&UrbanEcology,15(4):10—12(in Chinese)
Wei D,Kisuno A,Kameya T,et al.2006.Anewmethod for evaluatingbiological safety of environmental water with algae,daphnia and fishtoxicity ranks[J].Science of The Total Environment,371(1-3):383—390
Xu S F,Jiang X,Feng J,et al.2000.Gas chromatographic method forthe determination of organochlorine pesticides in suspended solidsand sediments of the Yangtze River[J].Acta ScientiaeCircumstantiae,20(4):494—498(in Chinese)
Yang J M,Wang Y,Su Q Q.2004.Investigation of organochlorinepesticides residue in Wuhan section of the Yangtze River[J].Journal of Wuhan Institute of Chemical Technology,26(4):38—41(in Chinese)
Yang N Q,Matsuda M,Kawano M,et al.2006.PCBs andorganochlorine pesticides(OCPs)in edible fish and shellfish fromChina[J].Chemosphere,63(8):1342—1352
Yang Y,Liu M,Xu S Y,et al.2003.Distribution of polychlorinatedbiphenyls(PCBs)and organochlorine pesticides(OCPs)in thetidal beach surface sediments of Yangtze estuary[J].ChinaEnvironmental Science,23(2):215—219(in Chinese)
Yang Y,Shi X,Xu F L,et al.2004.Risk analysis of naphthalenepollution in soils of Tianjin[J].Environmental Science,25(2):115—118(in Chinese)
Yin H W.1995.Procedure of ecological risk assessment for waterenvironment[J].Shanghai Environmental Sciences,14(11):11—14(in Chinese)
Zhou D,Zhang W H,Wang L S.1995.Extrapolation in risk assessmentof toxicant[J].Advances in Environmental Science,3(2):42—48(in Chinese)
陈建芳,叶新荣,周怀阳,等.1999.长江口-杭州湾有机污染历史初步研究─BHC与DDT的地层学记录[J].中国环境科学,19(3):206—210
程燕,周军英,单正军.2005.美国农药水生生态风险评价研究进展[J].农药学学报,7(4):293—298
刘华林,刘敏,程书波,等.2005.长江口南岸水体SPM和表层沉积物中OCPs的赋存[J].中国环境科学,25(5):622—626
石璇,杨宇,徐福留,等.2004.天津地区地表水中多环芳烃的生态风险[J].环境科学学报,24(4):619—624
王喜龙,徐福留,李本纲,等.2002.天津污灌区苯并(a)芘、荧蒽和菲生态毒性的风险表征[J].城市环境与城市生态,15(4):10—12
许士奋,蒋新,冯建,等.2000.气相色谱法测定长江水体悬浮物和沉积物中有机氯农药的残留量[J].环境科学学报,20(4):494—498
杨嘉谟,王赟,苏青青.2004.有机氯农药在长江武汉段的残留状况调查[J].武汉化工学院学报,26(4):38—41
杨毅,刘敏,许世远,等.2003.长江口潮滩表层沉积物中PCBs和OCPs的分布[J].中国环境科学,23(2):215—219
杨宇,石璇,徐福留,等.2004.天津地区土壤中萘的生态风险分析[J].环境科学,25(2):115—118
殷浩文.1995.水环境生态风险评价程序[J].上海环境科学,14(11):11—14
周玳,张文华,王连生,等.1995.毒物风险评价外推方法[J].环境科学进展,3(2):42—48
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