长江武汉段水体中多环芳烃的分布及来源分析
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摘要
对长江武汉段干流7个站点、支流和湖泊23个站点的水相、悬浮颗粒相和沉积相样品中的多环芳烃进行了分析测定.结果表明,水相中多环芳烃总量的变化范围为0.242~6.235μg·L-1;沉积相中的变化范围为31~4812μg·L-1;悬浮颗粒相中多环芳烃含量的平均值为4677μg·L-1,含量高于沉积物.长江武汉段与国内其它河流多环芳烃污染水平相当,比国外一些河流多环芳烃的污染水平要高.沉积相中多环芳烃的含量与颗粒物中总有机碳(TOC)含量呈显著正相关.污染来源分析表明,多环芳烃主要由化石燃料、木材等的燃烧所引起,污染来源为燃烧源.在干流白沙洲和支流墨水湖的水相中检出了苯并(a)芘,且含量超出了国家饮用水标准.沉积物中PAHs对周围生物存在潜在的毒性效应,但不会引起急性毒性效应.
Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in water, suspended particulate matter (SPM) and sediment samples were analyzed from 7 main river sites and 23 tributary and lake sites of the Yangtze River (Wuhan section). The results showed that the total concentrations of PAHs in the studied area ranged from 0.242 to 6.235 μg·L-1 in waters and from 31 to 4812μg·L-1 in sediments. The average concentration of PAHs in SPM was 4677μg·L-1, which was higher than the sediments. The PAHs pollution level of the Yangtze River is similar to that of some other rivers in China but higher than rivers in foreign countries. There was a positive relationship between the concentrations of PAHs and the TOC contents in sediments. The ratio of specific PAHs indicated that PAHs mainly came from combustion processes, such as coal burning and wood burning. Benzo(a)pyrene was detected only at Baishazhou of the mainstream and Moshuihu of the tributaries, and the concentrations were above drinking water standards. We conclude that PAHs may cause toxic effects but will not cause acute biological effects in the sediments of the Wuhan section of the Yangtze River.
Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in water, suspended particulate matter (SPM) and sediment samples were analyzed from 7 main river sites and 23 tributary and lake sites of the Yangtze River (Wuhan section). The results showed that the total concentrations of PAHs in the studied area ranged from 0.242 to 6.235 μg·L-1 in waters and from 31 to 4812μg·L-1 in sediments. The average concentration of PAHs in SPM was 4677μg·L-1, which was higher than the sediments. The PAHs pollution level of the Yangtze River is similar to that of some other rivers in China but higher than rivers in foreign countries. There was a positive relationship between the concentrations of PAHs and the TOC contents in sediments. The ratio of specific PAHs indicated that PAHs mainly came from combustion processes, such as coal burning and wood burning. Benzo(a)pyrene was detected only at Baishazhou of the mainstream and Moshuihu of the tributaries, and the concentrations were above drinking water standards. We conclude that PAHs may cause toxic effects but will not cause acute biological effects in the sediments of the Wuhan section of the Yangtze River.
引文
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蒋新,许士奋,Martens D,等.2000.长江南京段水、悬浮物及沉积物中多氯有毒有机污染物[J].中国环境科学,20(3):193—197
刘华林,刘敏,程书波,等.2005.长江口南岸水体SPM和表层沉积物中OCPs的赋存[J].中国环境科学,25(5):622—626
刘敏,侯立军,邹惠仙,等.2001.长江口潮滩表层沉积物中多环芳烃分布特征[J].中国环境科学,21(4):343—346
涂洁莹.1991.GB13198-91.水质-六种特定多环芳烃的测定高效液相色谱法[S].北京:国家环境保护局
许士奋,蒋新,王连生,等.2000.长江和辽河沉积物中的多环芳烃类污染物[J].中国环境科学,20(2):128—131
Fernandes M B,Sicre,M A,Boireau A,et al.1997.Polyaromatichydrocarbon(PAH)distributions in the Seine River and its estuary[J].Marine Pollution Bulletin,34:857—867
Forster G D,Wrighrt D A.1988.Unsubstituted polycyclic aromatichydrocarbons in sediments,clams,and clam worms fromChesapeake Bay[J].Marine Pollution Bulletin,19:459—465
Hong H,Xu L,Zhang L,et al.1995.Environmental fate chemistry oforganic pollutions in the sediment of Xiamen and Victoria Harbours[J].Marian Pollution Bulletin,31:229—236
Jiang X,Xu S F,Martens D,et al.2000.Polychlorinated organiccontaminants in waters,suspended solids and sediments of theNanjing section,Yangtze River[J].China Environmental Science,20(3):193—197(in Chinese)
Kim G B,Maruya K A,Lee K A,et al.1999.Distribution andSources of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons in Sediments fromKyeonggi Bay,Korea[J].Marine Pollution Bulletin,38:7—15
Li G C,Xia X H,Yang Z F.2006.Distribution and sources ofpolycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in the middle and lower reaches ofthe YellowRiver,China[J].Environmental Pollution,144:985—993
Liu HL,Liu M,Cheng S B,et al.2005.Occurrence of organochlorinepesticides(OCPs)in suspended particle matters(SPMs)andsurface sediments of the south bank of the Yangtze estuary[J].China Environmental Science25(5):622—626(in Chinese)
Liu M,Hou L J,Zou X,et al.2001.Distribution characteristics ofpolycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons(PAHs)in surface sediments oftidal flats of the Yangtze Estuary[J].China Environmental Science,21(4):343—346(in Chinese)
Long E R,MacDonald D D,Smith S L,et al.1995.Incidence ofadverse biological effects within range of chemical concentrations inmarine and estuary sediment[J].Environmental Management,19:81—97
MacDonald D D,Carr R S,Calder F D,et al.1996.Development andevaluation of sediment quality guidelines for Florida coastal waters[J].Environmental Management,19:81—87
Macias-Zamora J V,Mendoza-Vega E,Villaescusa-Celaya,J A.2002.PAHs composition of surface marine sediments:a comparison topotential local sources in Todos Santos Bay,BC.Mexico[J].Chemosphere,46:459—468
Mai B X,Fu J M,Sheng G Y,et al.2002.Chlorinated and polycyclicaromatic hydrocarbons in riverine and estuarine sediments from PearlRiver Delta,China[J].Environmental Pollution,117:457—474
Maskaoui K,Zhoub J L,Hong H S,et al.2002.Contamination bypolycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in the Jiulong River Estuary andWestern Xiamen Sea,China[J].Environmental Pollution,118:109—122
Mitra S,Bianchi T S A.2003.Preliminary assessment of polycyclicaromatic hydrocarbon distributions in the lower Mississippi River andGulf of Mexico[J].Marine Chemistry,82:273—288
Mohamad P Z,Hideshige T,Shinobu T,et al.2002.Distribution ofpolycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons(PAHs)in rivers and estuaries inmalaysia:A widespread input of petrogenic PAHs[J].Environ SciTechnol,36:1907—1918
Notar M,Leskovsek H,Faganeli J.2001.Composition,Distribution andSources of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons in Sediments of theGulf of Trieste,Northern Adriatic Sea[J].Marine PollutionBulletin,42(1):36—44
Shi Z,Tao S,Pan B,et al.2005.Contamination of rivers in Tianjin,China by Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons[J].EnvironmentalPollution,134:97—111
Simpson C D,Mosi A A,Cullen W R,et al.1996.Composition anddistribution of polycyclic in surficial marine sediments from KitimatHarbour,Canada[J].Science of The Total Environment,181:265—278
Soclo H H,Garrigues P H,Ewald M.2000.Origin of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons(PAHs)in coastal marine sediments:casestudies in cotonou(Benin)and Aquitaine(France)Areas[J].Marine Pollution Bulletin,40(5):387—396
Tu J Y.1991.GB13198-91:Water quality-determination of specified sixpolynuclear aromatic hydrocarbons-High performance liquidchromatography[S].Beijing:State Environmental Protection Agency(in Chinese)
Xu S F,Jiang X,Wang L S,et al.2000.Polycyclic aromatichydrocarbons(PAHs)pollutants in sediments of the Yangtze Riverand the Liao River[J].China Environmental Science,20(2):128—131(in Chinese)
Yunker MB,Macdonald R W,Vingarzan R,et al.2002.PAHs in theFraser River basin:a critical appraisal of PAHratios as indicators ofPAH source and composition[J].Organic Geochemistry,33:489—515
Zhang Z L,Huang J,Yu G,et al.2004.Occurrence of PAHs,PCBsand organochlorine pesticides in the Tonghui River of Beijing,China[J].Environmental Pollution,130:249—261
Zhu L Z,Chen B L,Wang J.2004.Pollution survey of polycyclicaromatic hydrocarbons in surface water of Hangzhou,China[J].Chemosphere,56:1085—1095
蒋新,许士奋,Martens D,等.2000.长江南京段水、悬浮物及沉积物中多氯有毒有机污染物[J].中国环境科学,20(3):193—197
刘华林,刘敏,程书波,等.2005.长江口南岸水体SPM和表层沉积物中OCPs的赋存[J].中国环境科学,25(5):622—626
刘敏,侯立军,邹惠仙,等.2001.长江口潮滩表层沉积物中多环芳烃分布特征[J].中国环境科学,21(4):343—346
涂洁莹.1991.GB13198-91.水质-六种特定多环芳烃的测定高效液相色谱法[S].北京:国家环境保护局
许士奋,蒋新,王连生,等.2000.长江和辽河沉积物中的多环芳烃类污染物[J].中国环境科学,20(2):128—131
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