贵州天柱上公塘—大河边寒武纪重晶石矿床海底热水喷流沉积结构、构造特征
|
摘要
贵州天柱寒武系重晶石矿床属世界上最大的重晶石矿床,其储量达到2亿吨以上。通过系统的野外调查,发现其中包含有大量的海底热水(液)喷流沉积形成的脉状构造、冲刷构造、饼状体构造、柱状体构造、块状构造、斑状构造、水平纹层构造、碳质膜壳构造等沉积构造和沉积构造序列,同时具有热水(液)喷流成因的黄铜矿、闪锌矿、黄铁矿、钡冰长石等典型矿物。建立了较为完整的天柱寒武系重晶石矿床沉积序列,为这一超大型矿床的成因提供了更直接的证据。
The Cambrian barite deposits in Tianzhu County, Guizhou Province, was found the largest barite deposit in the world by now, it is up to 2×109 t proved reserves. Abundant the submarine hydrothermal water venting—flowing sedimentary structures were found in barite deposits, which are barite-vein structure in basal carbonaceous shale, eroding structure on basal carbonaceous shale, barite-discus structure and barite-pillar structure in basal barite deposit, thick bed barite, barite-stripe structure, horizontal bed structure and carbonaceous coat structure with an ascending order. In the same time, the typical hydrothermal water mineral, including pyrite, chalcopyrite, sphalerite, hyalophane were found in the barite deposit. The sediment sequence of barite deposit was established from investigation in the field work. Sr, Ba, Pb, Mn, Cu, Ni, Co, As, Zn elements are enriched, Th/U value is very low, negative Ce anomalies and positive Eu anomalies, and fluid inclusions about 200℃, which show that the barite belongs to hydrothermal water mineralization, and that deep mantle matter input in the barite.
The Cambrian barite deposits in Tianzhu County, Guizhou Province, was found the largest barite deposit in the world by now, it is up to 2×109 t proved reserves. Abundant the submarine hydrothermal water venting—flowing sedimentary structures were found in barite deposits, which are barite-vein structure in basal carbonaceous shale, eroding structure on basal carbonaceous shale, barite-discus structure and barite-pillar structure in basal barite deposit, thick bed barite, barite-stripe structure, horizontal bed structure and carbonaceous coat structure with an ascending order. In the same time, the typical hydrothermal water mineral, including pyrite, chalcopyrite, sphalerite, hyalophane were found in the barite deposit. The sediment sequence of barite deposit was established from investigation in the field work. Sr, Ba, Pb, Mn, Cu, Ni, Co, As, Zn elements are enriched, Th/U value is very low, negative Ce anomalies and positive Eu anomalies, and fluid inclusions about 200℃, which show that the barite belongs to hydrothermal water mineralization, and that deep mantle matter input in the barite.
引文
陈永权,蒋少涌,凌洪飞,杨竞红,陈建华.2005.华南寒武纪海洋中沉积矿床及其古环境.海洋地质与第四纪地质,25(1):79~84.
丁振举,姚书振,刘丛强,周宗桂,杨明国.2003.东沟坝多金属矿床喷流沉积成矿特征的稀土元素地球化学示踪.岩石学报,19(4):792~798.
范德廉,杨秀珍,王连芳,陈南生.1973.某地下寒武统含镍钼多金属黑色岩系的岩石学及地球化学特点.地球化学,3:143~163.
丰成友,王艳,李大新,闫升好,崔艳合.2002.青海格尔木驼路沟喷气沉积型钴(金)矿床的地质—地球化学.矿床地质,21(3):312~222.
范铭涛,杨麟科,方国玉,汪满福,李铁锋,朱利东.2003.青西凹陷下白垩统湖相喷流岩成因探讨及其意义.沉积学报,21:560~564.
方维萱,胡瑞忠,苏文超,漆亮,肖加飞,蒋国豪.2002.大河边—新晃超大型重晶石矿床地球化学特征及形成的地质背景.岩石学报,18(2):247~256.
高怀忠.1998.中国早寒武世重晶石及毒重石矿床的生物化学沉积成矿模式.矿物岩石,18(2):70~77.
韩发,沈建忠,R W哈钦森.1993.冰长石——大厂锡多金属矿床同生成因的标志矿物.矿床地质,12(4):331~337.
胡清洁.1997.新晃贡溪超大型重晶石矿床的岩石学特征与沉积成岩作用.湖南地质,16(2):106~111.
李江海,初凤友,冯军.2005.深海底热液微生物成矿与深部生物圈研究进展.自然科学进展,12(12):1416~1425.
李胜荣,高振敏.2000.湘黔寒武系底部黑色岩系贵金属元素来源示踪.中国科学(D辑),30(2):169~174.
毛景文,张光弟,杜安道,王义天,曾明果.2001.遵义黄家湾镍钼铂族元素矿床地质地球化学和Re2Os同位素年龄测定.地质学报,75(2):234~243.
彭军,夏文杰,伊海生.1999.湖南新晃贡溪重晶石矿床地质地球化学特征及成因分析.成都理工学院学报,26(1):92~96.
彭润民,翟裕生.2004.内蒙古狼山炭窑口热水喷流沉积矿床钾质“双峰式”火山岩层的发现及其示踪意义.中国科学(D辑),34(12)1135~1144.
孙省利,陈践发,刘文汇,张水昌,王大锐.2003.海底热水活动与海相富有机质层形成的关系.地质论评,49(6):588~595.
吴朝东,杨承运,陈其英.1999.新晃贡溪—天柱大河边重晶石矿床热水沉积成因探讨.北京大学学报自然科学版,35(6):774~785.
夏菲,马东升,潘家永,孙占学,曹双林,聂文明,吴凯.2004.贵州天柱大河边和玉屏重晶石矿床热水沉积成因的锶同位素证据.科学通报,49(24):2592~2595.
夏菲,马东升,潘家永,陈少华,曹双林,孙占学,刘成东,郭国林.2005a.天柱大河边—新晃重晶石矿床矿物组成特征的电子探针研究.矿物学报,25(3):289~294.
夏菲,马东升,潘家永,孙占学,曹双林,陈少华,聂文明,吴凯,刘莉.2005b.柱大河边重晶石矿床铅同位素特征及来源探讨.地球化学,34(5):501~507.
谢桂青,胡瑞忠,方维萱,漆亮.2002.云南墨江金矿热水喷流沉积成岩成矿的地球化学证据.沉积学报,20(3):387~393.
肖荣阁,李朝阳.1994.热水成矿作用.地学前缘,1(3~4):10~18.
肖天,陈马马.1998.海洋热液活动区的微生物作用.海洋科学,120(6):11~14.
杨瑞东,张位华,姜立君,高慧.2005.贵州遵义松林寒武系底部热液喷口及与喷口相关生物群特征.地质论评,51(5):481~492.
周怀阳,叶瑛,沈忠悦,倪建宇,潘建明.2001.东太平洋表层沉积物中热水矿物组合的发现及其意义.海洋科学,25(12):27~30.
褚有龙.1989.中国重晶石矿床的成因类型.矿床地质,8(4):91~95.
Aquilina L,Dia A N,Boulegue J,Fouillac A M.1997.Baritedeposits in Covergent margin off Peru:I mplications for fluidcirculation within subduction zones.Geochi m.Cosmochi m.Acta,,61(6):1233~1245.
Bishop J KB.1988.The barite—opal—organic carbon associationinoceanic particulate matter.Nature,332(24):341~343.
Duhig N C,Davidson G J,Stolz J.1992.Microbial involvement inthe formation of Cambrian sea-floor silica—iron oxide deposits,Australia.Geology,20:511~514.
Edmond J M,von Damm K L.1985.Chemistry of ridge crest hotsprings:Hydrothermal vents of the Eastern Pacific:anoverview.Bulletin of the Biological Society of Washington,6:43~47.
Furnes H,Banerjee N R,Muehlenbachs K.2004.Early liferecordedin Archean pillowlavas.Science,304:578~581.
Steiner M,Wallis E,Erdt mann B-D,Zhao Y,Yang R.2001.Submarine—hydrothermal exhalative ore layersin black shalesfrom South China and associated fossils——insights into aLower Cambrian facies and bio-evolution.Palaeogeography,Palaeocli matology,Palaeocology,169:165~191.
Tarasov V G,Gebruk A V,Shulkin V M,Kamenev G M,FadeevVI,Kosmynin V N,Malakhov V V,Starynin D A,ObzhirovAI.1999.Effect of shollow-water hydrothermal venting onthebiota of Matupi Harbour(Rabaul Caldera,New Britain Island,Papua New Guinea).Continental Shelf Research,19:79~116.
Torres ME,Brumsack HJ,Bohrmann G,Emeis K C.1996.Baritefronts in continental margin sedi ments:A newlook at bariumremobilization in the zone of sulfate of sulfate reduction andformation of heavy barites in diagenetic fronts.ChemicalGeology,127:125~139.
丁振举,姚书振,刘丛强,周宗桂,杨明国.2003.东沟坝多金属矿床喷流沉积成矿特征的稀土元素地球化学示踪.岩石学报,19(4):792~798.
范德廉,杨秀珍,王连芳,陈南生.1973.某地下寒武统含镍钼多金属黑色岩系的岩石学及地球化学特点.地球化学,3:143~163.
丰成友,王艳,李大新,闫升好,崔艳合.2002.青海格尔木驼路沟喷气沉积型钴(金)矿床的地质—地球化学.矿床地质,21(3):312~222.
范铭涛,杨麟科,方国玉,汪满福,李铁锋,朱利东.2003.青西凹陷下白垩统湖相喷流岩成因探讨及其意义.沉积学报,21:560~564.
方维萱,胡瑞忠,苏文超,漆亮,肖加飞,蒋国豪.2002.大河边—新晃超大型重晶石矿床地球化学特征及形成的地质背景.岩石学报,18(2):247~256.
高怀忠.1998.中国早寒武世重晶石及毒重石矿床的生物化学沉积成矿模式.矿物岩石,18(2):70~77.
韩发,沈建忠,R W哈钦森.1993.冰长石——大厂锡多金属矿床同生成因的标志矿物.矿床地质,12(4):331~337.
胡清洁.1997.新晃贡溪超大型重晶石矿床的岩石学特征与沉积成岩作用.湖南地质,16(2):106~111.
李江海,初凤友,冯军.2005.深海底热液微生物成矿与深部生物圈研究进展.自然科学进展,12(12):1416~1425.
李胜荣,高振敏.2000.湘黔寒武系底部黑色岩系贵金属元素来源示踪.中国科学(D辑),30(2):169~174.
毛景文,张光弟,杜安道,王义天,曾明果.2001.遵义黄家湾镍钼铂族元素矿床地质地球化学和Re2Os同位素年龄测定.地质学报,75(2):234~243.
彭军,夏文杰,伊海生.1999.湖南新晃贡溪重晶石矿床地质地球化学特征及成因分析.成都理工学院学报,26(1):92~96.
彭润民,翟裕生.2004.内蒙古狼山炭窑口热水喷流沉积矿床钾质“双峰式”火山岩层的发现及其示踪意义.中国科学(D辑),34(12)1135~1144.
孙省利,陈践发,刘文汇,张水昌,王大锐.2003.海底热水活动与海相富有机质层形成的关系.地质论评,49(6):588~595.
吴朝东,杨承运,陈其英.1999.新晃贡溪—天柱大河边重晶石矿床热水沉积成因探讨.北京大学学报自然科学版,35(6):774~785.
夏菲,马东升,潘家永,孙占学,曹双林,聂文明,吴凯.2004.贵州天柱大河边和玉屏重晶石矿床热水沉积成因的锶同位素证据.科学通报,49(24):2592~2595.
夏菲,马东升,潘家永,陈少华,曹双林,孙占学,刘成东,郭国林.2005a.天柱大河边—新晃重晶石矿床矿物组成特征的电子探针研究.矿物学报,25(3):289~294.
夏菲,马东升,潘家永,孙占学,曹双林,陈少华,聂文明,吴凯,刘莉.2005b.柱大河边重晶石矿床铅同位素特征及来源探讨.地球化学,34(5):501~507.
谢桂青,胡瑞忠,方维萱,漆亮.2002.云南墨江金矿热水喷流沉积成岩成矿的地球化学证据.沉积学报,20(3):387~393.
肖荣阁,李朝阳.1994.热水成矿作用.地学前缘,1(3~4):10~18.
肖天,陈马马.1998.海洋热液活动区的微生物作用.海洋科学,120(6):11~14.
杨瑞东,张位华,姜立君,高慧.2005.贵州遵义松林寒武系底部热液喷口及与喷口相关生物群特征.地质论评,51(5):481~492.
周怀阳,叶瑛,沈忠悦,倪建宇,潘建明.2001.东太平洋表层沉积物中热水矿物组合的发现及其意义.海洋科学,25(12):27~30.
褚有龙.1989.中国重晶石矿床的成因类型.矿床地质,8(4):91~95.
Aquilina L,Dia A N,Boulegue J,Fouillac A M.1997.Baritedeposits in Covergent margin off Peru:I mplications for fluidcirculation within subduction zones.Geochi m.Cosmochi m.Acta,,61(6):1233~1245.
Bishop J KB.1988.The barite—opal—organic carbon associationinoceanic particulate matter.Nature,332(24):341~343.
Duhig N C,Davidson G J,Stolz J.1992.Microbial involvement inthe formation of Cambrian sea-floor silica—iron oxide deposits,Australia.Geology,20:511~514.
Edmond J M,von Damm K L.1985.Chemistry of ridge crest hotsprings:Hydrothermal vents of the Eastern Pacific:anoverview.Bulletin of the Biological Society of Washington,6:43~47.
Furnes H,Banerjee N R,Muehlenbachs K.2004.Early liferecordedin Archean pillowlavas.Science,304:578~581.
Steiner M,Wallis E,Erdt mann B-D,Zhao Y,Yang R.2001.Submarine—hydrothermal exhalative ore layersin black shalesfrom South China and associated fossils——insights into aLower Cambrian facies and bio-evolution.Palaeogeography,Palaeocli matology,Palaeocology,169:165~191.
Tarasov V G,Gebruk A V,Shulkin V M,Kamenev G M,FadeevVI,Kosmynin V N,Malakhov V V,Starynin D A,ObzhirovAI.1999.Effect of shollow-water hydrothermal venting onthebiota of Matupi Harbour(Rabaul Caldera,New Britain Island,Papua New Guinea).Continental Shelf Research,19:79~116.
Torres ME,Brumsack HJ,Bohrmann G,Emeis K C.1996.Baritefronts in continental margin sedi ments:A newlook at bariumremobilization in the zone of sulfate of sulfate reduction andformation of heavy barites in diagenetic fronts.ChemicalGeology,127:125~139.
目录