2011年春末夏初枯水期间长江河口盐水入侵
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摘要
全球气候变化导致的长江流域枯水事件近几年趋于增多.2011年春末夏初长江中下游发生干旱,4、5和6月大通径流量分别比多年月平均值分别下降了33.4%、50.6%和50.3%.观测资料表明,4月崇西水文站大部分时间盐度大于0.45(饮用水标准),北支倒灌盐水从崇西水文站到南门大约需要2 d,到宝钢水库需要3~5 d,宝钢水库出现2 d和4 d不宜取水时间,青草沙水库出现5 d和4 d不宜取水时间.5月中下旬北支永隆沙仍被高盐水占据,崇西水文站盐度超标达到7 d,青草沙水库不宜取水d数达到8 d.6月4-7日大潮后中潮期5个观测潮周期内东风西沙水库约有一半时间盐度大于0.45,陈行水库和青草沙水库取水口盐水均低于0.45,但随时间逐渐升高,盐份主要来源于北支倒灌.长江河口盐水入侵一般发生在12月和来年的1-3月,4-6月随着径流量的增大盐水入侵消失.气候变化产生的枯水事件加剧了长江河口盐水入侵、严重影响了非盐水入侵期水源地取水安全.
The drought events happen in the Changjiang River basin with increasing frequency in recent years due to the global climate change.There was a drought event at the middle and lower reaches of the Changjiang River in the late spring and early summer of 2011,resulting in the river discharge at Datong station in April,May and June of 2011 decrease 33.4%,50.6%and50.3%,respectively,compared with the corresponding monthly mean values.The observation data indicated that in the April salinity at Chongxi hydrological station exceeded 0.45(standard of drink water) in the most measured time,the saltwater spilling over from the North Branch took about 2 days and 3~5 days from Chongxi hydrological station to Nanmen and Baogang reservoir,respectively,the not suitable water intake time was 2 and 4 days at Baogang reservoir,5and 4 days at Qingcaosha reservoir.In the middle and late May,it was still occurred by high saline water at Yonglongsha in the North Branch,it reached 7 days that salinity exceeded the drink water standard at Chongxi hydrological station,the not suitable water intake time was 8 days at Qingcaosha reservoir.During the observed 5 tidal periods from 4 to 7 in June(middle tide after spring tide).salinity near Dongfenxisha reservoir water intake was higher than 0.45 in about half observation time,was lower than 0.45 near Chenhang reservoir and Qingcaosha reservoir water intakes,but increased gradually with time,indicating that the salt there come from the saltwater spilled over from the North Branch.The saltwater intrusion in the Chnagjiang River Estuary happens generally in December and next January to March,and vanishes in April to June with the increasing river discharge.The drought event induced by climate change enhanced the saltwater intrusion and influenced severely the safety of water intake in the Changjiang River estuary in the not period of saltwater intrusion.
The drought events happen in the Changjiang River basin with increasing frequency in recent years due to the global climate change.There was a drought event at the middle and lower reaches of the Changjiang River in the late spring and early summer of 2011,resulting in the river discharge at Datong station in April,May and June of 2011 decrease 33.4%,50.6%and50.3%,respectively,compared with the corresponding monthly mean values.The observation data indicated that in the April salinity at Chongxi hydrological station exceeded 0.45(standard of drink water) in the most measured time,the saltwater spilling over from the North Branch took about 2 days and 3~5 days from Chongxi hydrological station to Nanmen and Baogang reservoir,respectively,the not suitable water intake time was 2 and 4 days at Baogang reservoir,5and 4 days at Qingcaosha reservoir.In the middle and late May,it was still occurred by high saline water at Yonglongsha in the North Branch,it reached 7 days that salinity exceeded the drink water standard at Chongxi hydrological station,the not suitable water intake time was 8 days at Qingcaosha reservoir.During the observed 5 tidal periods from 4 to 7 in June(middle tide after spring tide).salinity near Dongfenxisha reservoir water intake was higher than 0.45 in about half observation time,was lower than 0.45 near Chenhang reservoir and Qingcaosha reservoir water intakes,but increased gradually with time,indicating that the salt there come from the saltwater spilled over from the North Branch.The saltwater intrusion in the Chnagjiang River Estuary happens generally in December and next January to March,and vanishes in April to June with the increasing river discharge.The drought event induced by climate change enhanced the saltwater intrusion and influenced severely the safety of water intake in the Changjiang River estuary in the not period of saltwater intrusion.
引文
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[2]陈吉余,何青.2006年长江特枯水清对上海淡水资源安全的影响[M].北京:海洋出版社,2009.
[3]沈焕庭,茅志昌,朱建荣.长江河口盐水入侵[M].北京:海洋出版社,2003.
[4]韩乃斌.长江口南支河段氯度变化分析[J].水利水运科学研究,1983(1):74-81.
[5]茅志昌,沈焕庭.长江口南支南岸水域盐水入侵来源分析[J].海洋学报,1993,12(3):17—25.
[6]茅志昌.长江口南港河段成潮入侵分析[J].地理研究,1995,14(1):27—35.
[7]顾玉亮,吴守培,乐勤.北支盐水入侵对长江口水源地影响研究[J].人民长江,2003(4):1—3.
[8]徐建益,袁建忠.长江口南支河段盐水入侵规律的研究[J].水文,1994,83(5):1—6.
[9]肖成猷,朱建荣,沈焕庭.长江口北支盐水倒灌的数值模型研究[J].海洋学报,2000,22(5):124—132.
[10]吴辉,朱建荣.长江河口北支倒灌盐水输送机制分析[J].海洋学报,2007,29(1):17—25.
[11]WU H,ZHU J R,CHEN B R,et al.Quantitative relationship of runoff and tide to saltwater spilling over from the North Branch in the Changjiang Estuary:A Numerical Study.Estuarine[J],Coastal and Shelf Science,2006,69:25-132.
[12]LI L,ZHU J R,WU H,et al.A numerical study on the water diversion ratio of the Changjiang Estuary during the dry season[]].Chinese Journal of Oceanology and Limnology,2010,28(3):700-712.
[13]侯成程,朱建荣.长江河口盐水入侵对打通桔季径流量变化的响应时间[J].海洋学报,2013,35(3):1—7.
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