四川盆地西北部中三叠统雷口坡组储层研究
摘要
根据四川盆地西北部中三叠统雷口坡组野外剖面及钻井岩心的宏观及微观特征,结合常规物性资料,对其储层的储集空间类型、岩性与物性、纵向分布等基本特征以及沉积和成岩作用等主要控制因素进行了较为深入的研究,探讨了主要储层的形成与演化过程,预测了有利储层分布。该套地层的储层集中分布于雷口坡组雷三段中亚段,主要岩石为砂屑白云岩、藻粘结白云岩和晶粒白云岩;以溶蚀孔隙占绝对优势,溶洞和原生孔隙较少,裂缝起到连通孔隙的作用。该套储层属于中孔中低渗的孔隙型和中孔高渗的裂缝—孔隙型。它是在内碎屑滩和藻粘结颗粒滩沉积体的基础上经受了表生期和埋藏期岩溶作用的改造,以粒间溶孔、藻粘结“格架”溶孔和晶间溶孔为主的岩溶型储层,主要受沉积和成岩作用及其他因素控制,滩体和岩溶发育部位相叠合的中坝—双鱼石区块,为良好储层的分布区带。
Based on the macro-features and micro-features of the outcrop sections and the drilling cores of the Leikoupo Formation of Middle Triassic in the northwest Sichuan Basin, and combined with the conventional petrophysical properties, this paper profoundly studies the basic features of the reservoir space types, petrographic and petrophysical properties, vertical distribution, as well as the main factors controlling sedimentation and diagenesis. Furthermore, it discusses the development and evolution of main reservoirs and predicts the favorable reservoir distribution area. The reservoir concentrates in the middle part of member 3 of the Leikoupo Formation, where the rock types are mainly the sand-sized intraclastic dolostone, algae-bounding dolostone and macrocrystalline dolostone. The corrosion pore is predominant, while the dissolved cavity and primary pores are subordinate. The fractures play a role in connecting the pores. The reservoirs are of the pore type of moderate porosity and moderate-lower permeability, and the fracture-pore type of moderate porosity and high permeability. Study shows that the reservoir is a karst reservoir in which pores are dominated by intergranular dissolved pores, algae-bounding framework dissolved pores and inter-crystalline dissolved pores. The original rocks laid down as the intraclast bank and algae-bounding grain bank have experienced karsting during the hypergenic and burial stages. The reservoir resulted from the interactive influence of sedimentation and diagenesis. The favorable reservoir is distributed in the Zhongba-Shuangyushi block, which is the superimposed area of the bank and karst development zone.
Based on the macro-features and micro-features of the outcrop sections and the drilling cores of the Leikoupo Formation of Middle Triassic in the northwest Sichuan Basin, and combined with the conventional petrophysical properties, this paper profoundly studies the basic features of the reservoir space types, petrographic and petrophysical properties, vertical distribution, as well as the main factors controlling sedimentation and diagenesis. Furthermore, it discusses the development and evolution of main reservoirs and predicts the favorable reservoir distribution area. The reservoir concentrates in the middle part of member 3 of the Leikoupo Formation, where the rock types are mainly the sand-sized intraclastic dolostone, algae-bounding dolostone and macrocrystalline dolostone. The corrosion pore is predominant, while the dissolved cavity and primary pores are subordinate. The fractures play a role in connecting the pores. The reservoirs are of the pore type of moderate porosity and moderate-lower permeability, and the fracture-pore type of moderate porosity and high permeability. Study shows that the reservoir is a karst reservoir in which pores are dominated by intergranular dissolved pores, algae-bounding framework dissolved pores and inter-crystalline dissolved pores. The original rocks laid down as the intraclast bank and algae-bounding grain bank have experienced karsting during the hypergenic and burial stages. The reservoir resulted from the interactive influence of sedimentation and diagenesis. The favorable reservoir is distributed in the Zhongba-Shuangyushi block, which is the superimposed area of the bank and karst development zone.
引文
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郭正吾.1994.四川盆地的形成与演化[M].四川成都:四川科学技术出版社,17-35.
何镜宇,孟祥化.1987.沉积岩和沉积相模式及建造[M].北京:地质出版社,281-282.
何玉平,刘招军,董清水,等.2006.吉林伊通盆地莫里青断陷古近系双阳组储层成岩作用研究[J].古地理学报,8(1):75-82.
乐光禹,杜思清,黄继均,等.1996.构造复合联合原理[M].四川成都:成都科技大学出版社,119-151.
马永生,梅冥相,陈小兵.1999.碳酸盐岩储层沉积[M].北京:地质出版社,25-31.
强子同.1998.碳酸盐岩储层地质学[M].山东东营:石油大学出版社,46-49.
宋焕荣.1988.碳酸盐与岩溶[J].矿物岩石,8(3):9-17.
唐泽尧.1997.气田开发地质[M].北京:石油工业出版社,62-65.
田在艺,张庆春.1997.中国含油气盆地岩相古地理与油气[M].北京:地质出版社,157-177.
王兴志,穆曙光,方少仙,等,2000.四川盆地西南部震旦系白云岩成岩过程中的孔隙演化[J].沉积学报,18(4):549-553.
王兴志,黄继祥,侯方浩,等.1996.四川资阳及邻区灯影组古岩溶特征与储集空间[J].矿物岩石,16(2):47-54.
文应初,王一刚,郑家凤,等.1995.碳酸盐岩古风化壳储层[M].四川成都:电子科技大学出版社,1-12.
吴崇筠,薛叔浩,等.1993.中国含油气盆地沉积学[M].北京:石油工业出版社,100-115.
曾德铭,王兴志,康保平.2006.川西北雷口坡组储层原生孔隙内胶结物研究[J].天然气地球科学,17(4):459-462.
张琴,朱筱敏,钟大康,等.2004.山东东营古近系碎屑岩储层特征及控制因素[J].古地理学报,6(4):493-502.
郑浚茂,庞明.1989.碎屑储集岩的成岩作用研究[M].武汉:中国地质大学出版社,1-5.
Bathurst R G.1971.Developments in Sedimentology:Carbonate Sedi-ments and Their Diagenesis[M].No12.Els.Publ.Com,1-7.
Feng Zengzhao,Wang Yinghua,Liu Huanjie,et al.1994.Sedimentologyof China[M].Beijing:Petroleum Industry Press,224-232(inChinese with English preface and contents).
Feng Zengzhao,Wu Shenghe.1987.Studying and mapping lithofaciespalaeogeography of Qinglong Group of Lower-Middle Triassic in theLower Yangtze Region[J].Acta Sedimentologica Sinica,5(3):40-58(in Chinese with English abstract).
Feng Zengzhao,Bao Zhidong,Li Shangwu,et al.1997.Lithofacies Pa-leogeography of the Early and Middle Triassic in South China[M].Beijing:Petroleum Industry Press,105-117(in Chinese).
Guo Zhengwu.1994.The Development and Evolution of Sichuan Basin[M].Sichuan Chengdu:Press of Science and Technology of Si-chuan,17-35(in Chinese).
He Jingyu,Meng Xianghua.1987.Sedimentary Rock and SedimentaryFacies Model and Construction[M].Beijing:Geological PublishingHouse,281-282(in Chinese).
He Yuping,Liu Zhaojun,Dong Qingshui,et al.2006.Diagenesis of res-ervoir of the Shuangyang Formation of Paleogene in Moliqing FaultedDepression of Yitong Basin,Jilin Province[J].Journal of Palaeo-geography,8(1):75-82(in Chinese with English abstract).
Jennings J N.1985.Karst Geomorphology[M].Oxford:Basil Black-well,293.
Yue Guangyu,Du Siqing,Huang Jijun,et al.1996.Principle of Struc-tural Compounding-Combine[M].Sichuan Chengdu:Press ofChengdu University of Science and Technology,119-151(in Chi-nese).
Machel HG,Krousc HR,Sassen R.1995.Products and distinguishingcriteria of bacterial and thermochemical sulfate reduction[J].Ap-plied Geochemistry,10(4):373-389.
Ma Yongsheng,Mei Mingxiang,Chen Xiaobing.1999.Carbonate Reser-voir Sedimentation[M].Beijing:Geological Publishing House,25-31(in Chinese).
Mazzullo S J.1981.Facies and burial diagenesis of a carbonate reser-voir:Chapman Deep(Atora)Field Delaware Basin,Texas[J].AAPG Bulletin,65:850-865.
Mazzullo S J,Harris.1992.Mesogenetic dissolution:Its role in porositydevelopment in carbonate reservoir[J].AAPG Bulletin,76(5):607-620.
Qiang Zitong.1998.Carbonate Reservoir Geology[M].Shandong Dongy-ing:Press of University of Petroleum,46-49(in Chinese).
Song Huanrong.1988.Carbonate and Karst[J].Mineral Petrology,8(3):9-17(in Chinese with English abstract).
Tang Zeyao.1997.Exploitation Geology of Gas Field[M].Beijing:Pe-troleum Industry Press,62-65(in Chinese).
Tian Zaiyi,Zhang Qingchun.1997.Lithofacies Paleogeography and Oil-Gas of Petroliferous Basins in China[M].Beijing:Geological Pub-lishing House,157-177(in Chinese).
Wang Xingzhi,Mu Shuguang,Fang Shaoxian,et al.2000.Evolution ofporosity in the process of Sinian dolostone diagenesis in southwest Si-chuan[J].Acta Sedimentologica Sinica,18(4):549-553(in Chi-nese with English abstract).
Wang Xingzhi,Huang Jixiang,Hou Fanghao,et al.1996.The relationbetween paleokarst and reservoir prosity in Dengying Formation,Sin-ian of Ziyang and neighboring area,Sichuan[J].Mineral Petrology,16(2):47-54(in Chinese with English abstract).
Wen Yingchu,Wang Yigang,Zheng Jiafeng,et al.1995.Carbonate KarstReservoir[M].Sichuan Chengdu:Press of University of ElectronicScience and Technology,1-12(in Chinese).
Wu Chongyun,Xue Shuhao,et al.1993.Sedimentology of PetroliferousBasins in China[M].Beijing:Petroleum Industry Press,100-115(in Chinese).
Zeng Deming,Wang Xingzhi,Kang Baoping.2006.A study on cement inprimary pore of the Leikoupo Formation reservoir in the northwest ofSichuan Basin[J].Natural Gas Geoscience,17(4):459-462(inChinese with English abstract).
Zhang Qin,Zhu Xiaomin,Zhong Dakang,et al.2004.Clastic reservoirproperty and their controlling factors of Paleogene in Dongying Sag,Shandong Province[J].Journal of Palaeogeography,6(4):493-502(in Chinese with English abstract).
Zhang Z.1980.Karst types in China[J].Geology Journal,4(4):541-570.
Zheng Junmao,Pang Ming.1989.Diagenetic Research of Debric Reser-voir[M].Hubei Wuhan:Press of China University of Geosciences,1-5(in Chinese).
[2]蓝贵等.1997.龙门山前山带北段中三叠统雷三段储层特征与含油气评价.川西北气矿内部报告
冯增昭,王英华,刘焕杰,等.1994.中国沉积学[M].北京:石油工业出版社,224-232.
冯增昭,吴胜和.1987.下扬子地区中、下三叠统青龙群岩相古地理研究及编图[J].沉积学报,5(3):40-58.
冯增昭,鲍志东,李尚武,等.1997.中国南方早中三叠世岩相古地理[M].北京:石油工业出版社,105-117.
郭正吾.1994.四川盆地的形成与演化[M].四川成都:四川科学技术出版社,17-35.
何镜宇,孟祥化.1987.沉积岩和沉积相模式及建造[M].北京:地质出版社,281-282.
何玉平,刘招军,董清水,等.2006.吉林伊通盆地莫里青断陷古近系双阳组储层成岩作用研究[J].古地理学报,8(1):75-82.
乐光禹,杜思清,黄继均,等.1996.构造复合联合原理[M].四川成都:成都科技大学出版社,119-151.
马永生,梅冥相,陈小兵.1999.碳酸盐岩储层沉积[M].北京:地质出版社,25-31.
强子同.1998.碳酸盐岩储层地质学[M].山东东营:石油大学出版社,46-49.
宋焕荣.1988.碳酸盐与岩溶[J].矿物岩石,8(3):9-17.
唐泽尧.1997.气田开发地质[M].北京:石油工业出版社,62-65.
田在艺,张庆春.1997.中国含油气盆地岩相古地理与油气[M].北京:地质出版社,157-177.
王兴志,穆曙光,方少仙,等,2000.四川盆地西南部震旦系白云岩成岩过程中的孔隙演化[J].沉积学报,18(4):549-553.
王兴志,黄继祥,侯方浩,等.1996.四川资阳及邻区灯影组古岩溶特征与储集空间[J].矿物岩石,16(2):47-54.
文应初,王一刚,郑家凤,等.1995.碳酸盐岩古风化壳储层[M].四川成都:电子科技大学出版社,1-12.
吴崇筠,薛叔浩,等.1993.中国含油气盆地沉积学[M].北京:石油工业出版社,100-115.
曾德铭,王兴志,康保平.2006.川西北雷口坡组储层原生孔隙内胶结物研究[J].天然气地球科学,17(4):459-462.
张琴,朱筱敏,钟大康,等.2004.山东东营古近系碎屑岩储层特征及控制因素[J].古地理学报,6(4):493-502.
郑浚茂,庞明.1989.碎屑储集岩的成岩作用研究[M].武汉:中国地质大学出版社,1-5.
Bathurst R G.1971.Developments in Sedimentology:Carbonate Sedi-ments and Their Diagenesis[M].No12.Els.Publ.Com,1-7.
Feng Zengzhao,Wang Yinghua,Liu Huanjie,et al.1994.Sedimentologyof China[M].Beijing:Petroleum Industry Press,224-232(inChinese with English preface and contents).
Feng Zengzhao,Wu Shenghe.1987.Studying and mapping lithofaciespalaeogeography of Qinglong Group of Lower-Middle Triassic in theLower Yangtze Region[J].Acta Sedimentologica Sinica,5(3):40-58(in Chinese with English abstract).
Feng Zengzhao,Bao Zhidong,Li Shangwu,et al.1997.Lithofacies Pa-leogeography of the Early and Middle Triassic in South China[M].Beijing:Petroleum Industry Press,105-117(in Chinese).
Guo Zhengwu.1994.The Development and Evolution of Sichuan Basin[M].Sichuan Chengdu:Press of Science and Technology of Si-chuan,17-35(in Chinese).
He Jingyu,Meng Xianghua.1987.Sedimentary Rock and SedimentaryFacies Model and Construction[M].Beijing:Geological PublishingHouse,281-282(in Chinese).
He Yuping,Liu Zhaojun,Dong Qingshui,et al.2006.Diagenesis of res-ervoir of the Shuangyang Formation of Paleogene in Moliqing FaultedDepression of Yitong Basin,Jilin Province[J].Journal of Palaeo-geography,8(1):75-82(in Chinese with English abstract).
Jennings J N.1985.Karst Geomorphology[M].Oxford:Basil Black-well,293.
Yue Guangyu,Du Siqing,Huang Jijun,et al.1996.Principle of Struc-tural Compounding-Combine[M].Sichuan Chengdu:Press ofChengdu University of Science and Technology,119-151(in Chi-nese).
Machel HG,Krousc HR,Sassen R.1995.Products and distinguishingcriteria of bacterial and thermochemical sulfate reduction[J].Ap-plied Geochemistry,10(4):373-389.
Ma Yongsheng,Mei Mingxiang,Chen Xiaobing.1999.Carbonate Reser-voir Sedimentation[M].Beijing:Geological Publishing House,25-31(in Chinese).
Mazzullo S J.1981.Facies and burial diagenesis of a carbonate reser-voir:Chapman Deep(Atora)Field Delaware Basin,Texas[J].AAPG Bulletin,65:850-865.
Mazzullo S J,Harris.1992.Mesogenetic dissolution:Its role in porositydevelopment in carbonate reservoir[J].AAPG Bulletin,76(5):607-620.
Qiang Zitong.1998.Carbonate Reservoir Geology[M].Shandong Dongy-ing:Press of University of Petroleum,46-49(in Chinese).
Song Huanrong.1988.Carbonate and Karst[J].Mineral Petrology,8(3):9-17(in Chinese with English abstract).
Tang Zeyao.1997.Exploitation Geology of Gas Field[M].Beijing:Pe-troleum Industry Press,62-65(in Chinese).
Tian Zaiyi,Zhang Qingchun.1997.Lithofacies Paleogeography and Oil-Gas of Petroliferous Basins in China[M].Beijing:Geological Pub-lishing House,157-177(in Chinese).
Wang Xingzhi,Mu Shuguang,Fang Shaoxian,et al.2000.Evolution ofporosity in the process of Sinian dolostone diagenesis in southwest Si-chuan[J].Acta Sedimentologica Sinica,18(4):549-553(in Chi-nese with English abstract).
Wang Xingzhi,Huang Jixiang,Hou Fanghao,et al.1996.The relationbetween paleokarst and reservoir prosity in Dengying Formation,Sin-ian of Ziyang and neighboring area,Sichuan[J].Mineral Petrology,16(2):47-54(in Chinese with English abstract).
Wen Yingchu,Wang Yigang,Zheng Jiafeng,et al.1995.Carbonate KarstReservoir[M].Sichuan Chengdu:Press of University of ElectronicScience and Technology,1-12(in Chinese).
Wu Chongyun,Xue Shuhao,et al.1993.Sedimentology of PetroliferousBasins in China[M].Beijing:Petroleum Industry Press,100-115(in Chinese).
Zeng Deming,Wang Xingzhi,Kang Baoping.2006.A study on cement inprimary pore of the Leikoupo Formation reservoir in the northwest ofSichuan Basin[J].Natural Gas Geoscience,17(4):459-462(inChinese with English abstract).
Zhang Qin,Zhu Xiaomin,Zhong Dakang,et al.2004.Clastic reservoirproperty and their controlling factors of Paleogene in Dongying Sag,Shandong Province[J].Journal of Palaeogeography,6(4):493-502(in Chinese with English abstract).
Zhang Z.1980.Karst types in China[J].Geology Journal,4(4):541-570.
Zheng Junmao,Pang Ming.1989.Diagenetic Research of Debric Reser-voir[M].Hubei Wuhan:Press of China University of Geosciences,1-5(in Chinese).
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