基于GIS的长江上游农田生态系统敏感性评价与空间治理研究
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摘要
采用RS和GIS技术提取长江上游土地利用类型数据,构建多因素综合模型进行农田生态系统敏感性评价,并深入分析其主要威胁因素,探讨其空间分布及特征。结果表明:1)农田生态系统敏感性水平整体处于中、高敏感状态,中度、高度和极敏感区占整个农田生态系统面积的84.76%;2)农田生态系统敏感区主要位于成渝经济区,还涉及四川、重庆、云南和贵州等省市;3)农田生态系统敏感性主要威胁因子为人口密度、道路密度、土壤有机质质量分数、化肥施用量等;4)长江流域农产品主产区与农田生态系统高度敏感区具有较高区位重合性。
Taking the farmland ecosystem in the upper Yangtze Rive as the research object,this paper has established a multivariate comprehensive model for assessing the farmland ecosystem sensitivit through a in-depth analysis on its main threat factors.The paper ha also made a discussion of its spatial distributions and features throug data-analysis of the land use types by using the RS and GIS technologies.The results of our investigation show that:(1)About 84.76% of the total farmland area is generally considered to be of the middleor higher-level bio-sensitivity;(2)The higher sensitivity areas ar mainly located in Chengdu-Chongqing suburban economic zones an some other parts in Sichuan Province,ChongqingMunicipality,Yunnan Province and Guizhou Province;(3)The main threat factors o the farmland eco-sensitivity are the thick population density,roa density,the organic substance soil ingredients,and the fertilizer input;(4) The main farm produce-yielding districts in the Yangtz River basin prove to be of high eco-sensitive area.The research results of our paper suggest that it is of great importance to strengthe the protection of the farmland soil,control the overuse of fertilizer and reduce the area for township construction in the comprehensiv farmland ecosystem planning.It is also of great significance to enhance the dynamic evaluation and long-term monitoring of the farmland ecosystem and implement the space governance strategy,wit the particular stress on enhancing the effective management and spac control of farmland ecosystem influenced by human activities.Fro what is mentioned above,it can be seen that this paper helps to provide a scientific basis for the sustainable farmland ecosystem protection and restoration,with Yangtze River reaches as a showcase th decision reference to the agricultural production and food security.
Taking the farmland ecosystem in the upper Yangtze Rive as the research object,this paper has established a multivariate comprehensive model for assessing the farmland ecosystem sensitivit through a in-depth analysis on its main threat factors.The paper ha also made a discussion of its spatial distributions and features throug data-analysis of the land use types by using the RS and GIS technologies.The results of our investigation show that:(1)About 84.76% of the total farmland area is generally considered to be of the middleor higher-level bio-sensitivity;(2)The higher sensitivity areas ar mainly located in Chengdu-Chongqing suburban economic zones an some other parts in Sichuan Province,ChongqingMunicipality,Yunnan Province and Guizhou Province;(3)The main threat factors o the farmland eco-sensitivity are the thick population density,roa density,the organic substance soil ingredients,and the fertilizer input;(4) The main farm produce-yielding districts in the Yangtz River basin prove to be of high eco-sensitive area.The research results of our paper suggest that it is of great importance to strengthe the protection of the farmland soil,control the overuse of fertilizer and reduce the area for township construction in the comprehensiv farmland ecosystem planning.It is also of great significance to enhance the dynamic evaluation and long-term monitoring of the farmland ecosystem and implement the space governance strategy,wit the particular stress on enhancing the effective management and spac control of farmland ecosystem influenced by human activities.Fro what is mentioned above,it can be seen that this paper helps to provide a scientific basis for the sustainable farmland ecosystem protection and restoration,with Yangtze River reaches as a showcase th decision reference to the agricultural production and food security.
引文
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[7]HAO Wenyuan(郝文渊),LI Wenbo(李文博),WANG Zhongbin(王忠斌),et al.Health assessment of Lalu wetland ecosystem in Lhasariver valley of Tibet[J].Journal ofArid Land Resources and Environment(干旱区资源与环境),2013,27(5):95-99.
[8]LIUShidong(刘世栋),XUE Dongqian(薛东前),GAO Jun(高峻).Coastal eco-environmental security assessment of the northern shore of Shanghai-Hangzhou Bay[J].Journal ofSafety and Environment(安全与环境学报),2012,12(6):124-130.
[9]WANG Hongcui(王洪翠),WUChengzhen(吴承祯),HONG Wei(洪伟),et al.Estimation for value of ecosystem services in Wuyishan Scenery District[J].Journal ofSafety and Environment(安全与环境学报),2006,6(2):53-56.
[10]DUJun(杜军),YAO Xiaoyou(姚孝友).GIS-based assessment on sensitivity to soil erosion in Yishusi River watershed of Shandong[J].Research ofSoil and Water Conservation(水土保持研究),2006,13(1):165-167.
[11]ZHOU Lijun(周利军),ZHANG Shuhua(张淑花).Study on land desertification sensitivity evaluation in south-westHeilongjiang Province[J].Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin(中国农学通报),2009,25(21):324-327.
[12]LI Yuechen(李月臣),MINJie(闽婕),GAO Yanghua(高阳华),et al.Acid rain sensitivity evaluation and spatial differentiation featuresof the Three Gorges Reservoir area in Chongqing[J].Journal of Chongqing Normal University:Natural Science Edition(重庆师范大学学报:自然科学版),2011,28(6):30-35,43.
[13]MO Jianfei(莫建飞),LUYuan(卢远),WEI Liangying(韦亮英).Evaluation and analysis on urban eco-sensitivity in Nanning based on GIS[J].Geomatics World(地理信息世界),2007(5):33-38,46.
[14]TAO Xingming(陶星名),ZHANG Jianying(张建英),WANG Yufeng(王宇峰),et al.Eco-sensitivity and its spatial distribution in Hangzhou[J].Journal of Zhejiang University(浙江大学学报),2006,32(1):27-30.
[15]JIN Yinghua(靳英华),ZHAO Dongsheng(赵东升),YANG Qingshan(杨青山),etal.Astudy on distribution and division of sensitivity to ecological environment in Jilin Province[J].Journal ofNortheast Normal University:Natural Science Edition(东北师范大学学报:自然科学版),2004,36(2):68-74.
[16]LI Dongmei(李冬梅),WU Xiaoqing(吴晓青),YU Deyong(于德永),et al.Evaluation on eco-environmental sensitivity of Yunnan Province[J].Acta Ecologica Sinica(生态学报),2008,28(11):5270-5278.
[17]HODGE I,MCNALLY S.Evaluating environmentally sensitive areas:the value of rural environments and policy relevance[J].Journal of Rural Studies,1998,14(2):357-367.
[18]GARROD G D,WILLIS K G.Methodological issues in valuing the benefits of environmentally sensitive areas[J].Journal ofRural Studies,1999,15(1):111-117.
[19]CAMERONA,JOHNSTON RJ,MCADAMJ.Classification and evaluation of spider(Araneae)assemblageson environmentally sensitive areas in Northern Ireland[J].Agriculture,Ecosystems&Environment,2004,102(1):29-40.
[20]YUAN Zaijian(袁再健),ZHANG Jingjing(张京京),FU Ya'nan(付亚男).Changes and influencing factors of carbon source and sink of farmland ecosystem in Hebei Province[J].Bulletin ofSoil and Water Conservation(水土保持通报),2012,32(6):206-210.
[21]HAN Bing(韩冰),WANG Xiaoke(王效科),LUFei(逯非),et al.Soil carbon sequestration and its potential by cropland ecosystems in China[J].Acta Ecologica Sinica(生态学报),2008,28(2):612-620.
[22]WANG Xitong(王锡桐),LIU Zhiwen(刘志文),YANG Qingyuan(杨庆媛).The countermeasure research ofconstructing ecological defense ofthe upper reaches ofthe Yangtze River Basin(建设长江上游生态屏障对策研究)[M].Beijing:China Agriculture Press,2003.
[23]SHI Peili(石培礼),WUBo(吴波),CHENG Genwei(程根伟),et al.Water retention capacity evaluation of main forest vegetation types in the upper Yangtze[J].Journal ofNatural Resources(自然资源学报),2004,19(3):351-360.
[24]CHENZhijian(陈治谏).The strategic position and the ecological and environmental function of the upper reaches of the Yangtze River[J].Journal ofMountain Science(山地学报),2000,8(3):258-262.
[25]ZHONG Xianghao(钟祥浩),HE Yucheng(何毓成),LIUShuzhen(刘淑珍).The environmental characteristics and protective forest system construction in the upper reaches ofYangtze River(长江上游环境特征与防护林体系建设)[M].Beijing:Science Press,1992.
[26]ZHANG Dianfa(张殿发),WANGShijie(王世杰),LI Ruiling(李瑞玲).Effect of land use/land cover changes on aquatic environment in Yangtze River Basin[J].Areal Research and Development(地域研究与开发),2003,22(1):69-72.
[27]OUYANG Zhiyun(欧阳志云),WANG Xiaoke(王效科),MIAO Hong(苗鸿),etal.China'seco-environmental sensitivity and its spatial heterogeneity[J].Acta Ecologica Sinica(生态学报),2000,20(1):9-12.
[28]LIU Kang(刘康),OUYANG Zhiyun(欧阳志云),WANG Xiaoke(王效科),et al.Eco-environmental sensitivity and its spatial distributionin Gansu Province[J].Acta Ecologica Sinica(生态学报),2003,23(12):2711-2718.
[29]ZHUWanze(朱万泽),FAN Jianrong(范建容),WANG Yukuan(王玉宽),et al.Assessment of biodiversity conservation importance in the upper reaches of the Yangtze River:by taking county area as the basic assessment unit[J].Acta Ecologica Sinica(生态学报),2009,29(5):2603-2611.
[2]WULanfang(武兰芳),OUYANG Zhu(欧阳竹),TANG Dengyin(唐登银).The quantitative assessment of agro-ecosystem health on a regional dimension[J].Acta Ecologica Sinica(生态学报),2004,24(12):2740-2748.
[3]YANG Bin(杨斌),CHEN Yuanquan(陈源泉),SUI Peng(隋鹏),et al.Comprehensive assessment on ecological health in intensive-cropland under different fertilization measures:case study of Huojia County,Henan Province of China[J].Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin(中国农学通报),2010,26(16):113-118.
[4]WUXing(伍星),SHENZhenyao(沈珍瑶),LIU Ruimin(刘瑞民),et al.Effectof land use change on ecosystem servicesvalue of the upper reaches of the Yangtze River[J].Transactions ofthe CASE(农业工程学报),2009,25(8):236-241.
[5]The Central Peoples Government of the People's Republic of China(中华人民共和国中央人民政府).Planning ofnational main function regions—constructing effective,coordinated and sustainable spatial development pattern(全国主体功能区规划———构建高效、协调、可持续的国土空间开发格局)[EB/OL].[2011-06-08].http://www.gov.cn/zwgk/2011-06/08/content_1879180.htm.
[6]QINZhibin(秦志斌),LIUZhaohui(刘朝晖),ZHANG Yingxue(张映雪),et al.Renovated index system for highway ecosystem health evaluation[J].Journal ofSafety and Environment(安全与环境学报),2012,12(6):119-124.
[7]HAO Wenyuan(郝文渊),LI Wenbo(李文博),WANG Zhongbin(王忠斌),et al.Health assessment of Lalu wetland ecosystem in Lhasariver valley of Tibet[J].Journal ofArid Land Resources and Environment(干旱区资源与环境),2013,27(5):95-99.
[8]LIUShidong(刘世栋),XUE Dongqian(薛东前),GAO Jun(高峻).Coastal eco-environmental security assessment of the northern shore of Shanghai-Hangzhou Bay[J].Journal ofSafety and Environment(安全与环境学报),2012,12(6):124-130.
[9]WANG Hongcui(王洪翠),WUChengzhen(吴承祯),HONG Wei(洪伟),et al.Estimation for value of ecosystem services in Wuyishan Scenery District[J].Journal ofSafety and Environment(安全与环境学报),2006,6(2):53-56.
[10]DUJun(杜军),YAO Xiaoyou(姚孝友).GIS-based assessment on sensitivity to soil erosion in Yishusi River watershed of Shandong[J].Research ofSoil and Water Conservation(水土保持研究),2006,13(1):165-167.
[11]ZHOU Lijun(周利军),ZHANG Shuhua(张淑花).Study on land desertification sensitivity evaluation in south-westHeilongjiang Province[J].Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin(中国农学通报),2009,25(21):324-327.
[12]LI Yuechen(李月臣),MINJie(闽婕),GAO Yanghua(高阳华),et al.Acid rain sensitivity evaluation and spatial differentiation featuresof the Three Gorges Reservoir area in Chongqing[J].Journal of Chongqing Normal University:Natural Science Edition(重庆师范大学学报:自然科学版),2011,28(6):30-35,43.
[13]MO Jianfei(莫建飞),LUYuan(卢远),WEI Liangying(韦亮英).Evaluation and analysis on urban eco-sensitivity in Nanning based on GIS[J].Geomatics World(地理信息世界),2007(5):33-38,46.
[14]TAO Xingming(陶星名),ZHANG Jianying(张建英),WANG Yufeng(王宇峰),et al.Eco-sensitivity and its spatial distribution in Hangzhou[J].Journal of Zhejiang University(浙江大学学报),2006,32(1):27-30.
[15]JIN Yinghua(靳英华),ZHAO Dongsheng(赵东升),YANG Qingshan(杨青山),etal.Astudy on distribution and division of sensitivity to ecological environment in Jilin Province[J].Journal ofNortheast Normal University:Natural Science Edition(东北师范大学学报:自然科学版),2004,36(2):68-74.
[16]LI Dongmei(李冬梅),WU Xiaoqing(吴晓青),YU Deyong(于德永),et al.Evaluation on eco-environmental sensitivity of Yunnan Province[J].Acta Ecologica Sinica(生态学报),2008,28(11):5270-5278.
[17]HODGE I,MCNALLY S.Evaluating environmentally sensitive areas:the value of rural environments and policy relevance[J].Journal of Rural Studies,1998,14(2):357-367.
[18]GARROD G D,WILLIS K G.Methodological issues in valuing the benefits of environmentally sensitive areas[J].Journal ofRural Studies,1999,15(1):111-117.
[19]CAMERONA,JOHNSTON RJ,MCADAMJ.Classification and evaluation of spider(Araneae)assemblageson environmentally sensitive areas in Northern Ireland[J].Agriculture,Ecosystems&Environment,2004,102(1):29-40.
[20]YUAN Zaijian(袁再健),ZHANG Jingjing(张京京),FU Ya'nan(付亚男).Changes and influencing factors of carbon source and sink of farmland ecosystem in Hebei Province[J].Bulletin ofSoil and Water Conservation(水土保持通报),2012,32(6):206-210.
[21]HAN Bing(韩冰),WANG Xiaoke(王效科),LUFei(逯非),et al.Soil carbon sequestration and its potential by cropland ecosystems in China[J].Acta Ecologica Sinica(生态学报),2008,28(2):612-620.
[22]WANG Xitong(王锡桐),LIU Zhiwen(刘志文),YANG Qingyuan(杨庆媛).The countermeasure research ofconstructing ecological defense ofthe upper reaches ofthe Yangtze River Basin(建设长江上游生态屏障对策研究)[M].Beijing:China Agriculture Press,2003.
[23]SHI Peili(石培礼),WUBo(吴波),CHENG Genwei(程根伟),et al.Water retention capacity evaluation of main forest vegetation types in the upper Yangtze[J].Journal ofNatural Resources(自然资源学报),2004,19(3):351-360.
[24]CHENZhijian(陈治谏).The strategic position and the ecological and environmental function of the upper reaches of the Yangtze River[J].Journal ofMountain Science(山地学报),2000,8(3):258-262.
[25]ZHONG Xianghao(钟祥浩),HE Yucheng(何毓成),LIUShuzhen(刘淑珍).The environmental characteristics and protective forest system construction in the upper reaches ofYangtze River(长江上游环境特征与防护林体系建设)[M].Beijing:Science Press,1992.
[26]ZHANG Dianfa(张殿发),WANGShijie(王世杰),LI Ruiling(李瑞玲).Effect of land use/land cover changes on aquatic environment in Yangtze River Basin[J].Areal Research and Development(地域研究与开发),2003,22(1):69-72.
[27]OUYANG Zhiyun(欧阳志云),WANG Xiaoke(王效科),MIAO Hong(苗鸿),etal.China'seco-environmental sensitivity and its spatial heterogeneity[J].Acta Ecologica Sinica(生态学报),2000,20(1):9-12.
[28]LIU Kang(刘康),OUYANG Zhiyun(欧阳志云),WANG Xiaoke(王效科),et al.Eco-environmental sensitivity and its spatial distributionin Gansu Province[J].Acta Ecologica Sinica(生态学报),2003,23(12):2711-2718.
[29]ZHUWanze(朱万泽),FAN Jianrong(范建容),WANG Yukuan(王玉宽),et al.Assessment of biodiversity conservation importance in the upper reaches of the Yangtze River:by taking county area as the basic assessment unit[J].Acta Ecologica Sinica(生态学报),2009,29(5):2603-2611.
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