上海大型城市公园斑块结构对鸟类群落的影响
|
摘要
本研究以上海植物园、世纪公园、共青森林公园、滨江森林公园和海湾森林公园5个大型城市公园为研究地点,2012年5月到2013年4月,采用样线法对5个公园进行鸟类群落调查.借助ArcGIS10.0目视解译对5个公园的卫星图像进行斑块分类.基于斑块分类结果,设置34个斑块结构变量(斑块数变量、斑块密度变量、斑块面积变量、斑块边界长度变量、斑块面积周长比变量和斑块多样性指数等).采用卡方检验比较5个公园鸟类种类和数量以及斑块数量是否具有显著差异.使用多元线性回归分析鸟类数据与斑块结构变量的回归关系.结果表明,5个公园的鸟种数(x~2=29.91,p<0.001)和数量(x~2=4891.12,p<0.001)均存在显著差异.多元线性回归模型显示,鸟种数与水体斑块数、草地斑块面积周长比和最大斑块指数具有显著的相关性.鸟类数量与林地斑块面积、林地斑块周长和平均斑块面积显著相关.林地鸟类与林地斑块面积、草地斑块密度、水体斑块面积显著相关.本研究为城市野生鸟类保护策略提供理论基础和建议.
The bird community was surveyed in Shanghai Botanical Garden,Century Park,Gongqing Forest Park,Binjiang Forest Park and Haiwan Forest Park during May2012 to April 2013 by line transect method.We used ArcGIS 10.0 to classify the patches within the urban parks by visual interpretation.Based on the classification,34 patch variables including patch number,patch density,patch area and patch total edge was set to analyze the relationship between bird communities and patch variables.We used Chi-square test to analyze whether the bird species and abundance in various urban parks differed significantly.Multiple statistical analyses were required to measure how the patch variables affected the bird community composition.Results indicated that there was significant difference among bird richness,bird abundance,the number of patches in 5urban parks.Multiple linear regression models confirmed that there was significant positive correlation between bird species and the number of Number of Water patches(WNP)and Grassland patches shape index(GSI).There was significant negative correlation between bird species and the largest patch index(LPI).Bird abundance was significant positive correlation with size of Plant patches(PPS),mean size of patches(MPS) and was significant negative correlation with total edge of Plant patches(PTE).In addition,suggestions in relation to the construction of urban parks and vegetation configuration were put forward according to the above results.
The bird community was surveyed in Shanghai Botanical Garden,Century Park,Gongqing Forest Park,Binjiang Forest Park and Haiwan Forest Park during May2012 to April 2013 by line transect method.We used ArcGIS 10.0 to classify the patches within the urban parks by visual interpretation.Based on the classification,34 patch variables including patch number,patch density,patch area and patch total edge was set to analyze the relationship between bird communities and patch variables.We used Chi-square test to analyze whether the bird species and abundance in various urban parks differed significantly.Multiple statistical analyses were required to measure how the patch variables affected the bird community composition.Results indicated that there was significant difference among bird richness,bird abundance,the number of patches in 5urban parks.Multiple linear regression models confirmed that there was significant positive correlation between bird species and the number of Number of Water patches(WNP)and Grassland patches shape index(GSI).There was significant negative correlation between bird species and the largest patch index(LPI).Bird abundance was significant positive correlation with size of Plant patches(PPS),mean size of patches(MPS) and was significant negative correlation with total edge of Plant patches(PTE).In addition,suggestions in relation to the construction of urban parks and vegetation configuration were put forward according to the above results.
引文
[1]GRIMM N B,FAETH S H,GOLUBIEWSKI N E,et al.Global change and the ecology of cities[J].Science,2008,319:756-760.
[2]CHACE J F,WALSH J J.Urban effects on native avifauna:A review[J].Landscape and Urban Planning,2006,74:46-69.
[3]MCKINNEY M L.Effects of urbanization on species richness:A review of plants and animals[J].Urban Ecosystems,2008(11):161-176.
[4]NIEMELA J.Ecology and urban planning[J].Biodiversity and Conservation,1999(8):119-131.
[5 J TYRVAINEN L.The amenity value of the urban forest:An application of the hedonic pricing method[J].Landscape and Urban Planning,1997,37(3/4):211-222.
[6]SAVARD J P L,CLERGEAU P,MENNECHEZ G.Biodiversity concepts and urbanecosystems[J].Landscape and Urban Planning,2000,48(3/4):131-142.
[7]ROBERGE J M,ANGELSTAM P.Indicator species among resident forest birds-A cross-regional evaluation in northern EuropelJ].Biological Conservation,2006,130:134-147.
[8]ROTENBERRY J T,WIENS J A.Foraging patch selection by shrubsteppe sparrows[J].Ecology,1998,79:1160-1173.
[9]STROHBACH M W,HAASE D,KABISCH N.Birds and the city:Urban biodiversity,land use,and socioeconomics[J].Ecology and Society,2009,14(2):31.
[10]SANDSTROM U,ANGELSTAM P,MIKUSINSKI,G.Ecological diversity of birds in relation to the structure of urban green space[J].Landscape and Urban Planning,2006,77(1/2):39-53.
[11]陈水华,丁平,郑光美,等.园林鸟类群落的岛屿性格局[J].生态学报,2005,25(4):657-663.
[12]WANG Y P,DING P,CHEN S H,et al.Nestedness of bird assemblages on urban woodlots:Implications for conservation[J].Landscape and Urban Planning,2013,111:59-67.
[13]SHANAHAN D F,MILLER C,POSSINGHAM H P,et al.The influence of patch area and connectivity on avian communities in urban revegetation[J].Biological Conservation,2011,144(2):722-729.
[14]FONTANA S,SATTLER T,BONTADINA F,et al.How to manage the urban green to improve bird diversity and community structure[J].Landscape Urban Planning,2011,101(3):278-285.
[15]YANG G,XU J,WANG Y,et al.Evaluation of microhabitats for wild birds in a Shanghai urban area park[J].Urban Forestry and Urban Greening,2015,14(2):246-254.
[16]MACARTHUR R H,WILSON E O.An equilibrium theory of insular zoogeography[J].Evolution,1963,17(4):373-387.
[17]BURNHAM K P,ANDERSON D R.Model Selection and Multimodel Inference:A Practical Informationtheoretic Approach[M].2nd ed.New York:Springer,2002.
[18]蔡音亭,唐仕敏,袁晓,等.上海市鸟类记录及变化[J].复旦学报(自然科学版),2011,50(3):334-343.
[19]HOOVER J P,BRITTINGHAM M C,GOODRICH L J.Effects of forest patch size on nesting success of wood thrushes[J].Auk,1995,112(1):146-155.
[20]杨刚,王勇,许洁,等.城市公园生境类型对鸟类群落的影响[J].生态学报,2015a,35(12):4186-4195.
[21]杨刚,许洁,王勇,等.城市公园植被特征对陆生鸟类集团的影响[J].生态学报,2015b,35(14):4824-4835.
[2]CHACE J F,WALSH J J.Urban effects on native avifauna:A review[J].Landscape and Urban Planning,2006,74:46-69.
[3]MCKINNEY M L.Effects of urbanization on species richness:A review of plants and animals[J].Urban Ecosystems,2008(11):161-176.
[4]NIEMELA J.Ecology and urban planning[J].Biodiversity and Conservation,1999(8):119-131.
[5 J TYRVAINEN L.The amenity value of the urban forest:An application of the hedonic pricing method[J].Landscape and Urban Planning,1997,37(3/4):211-222.
[6]SAVARD J P L,CLERGEAU P,MENNECHEZ G.Biodiversity concepts and urbanecosystems[J].Landscape and Urban Planning,2000,48(3/4):131-142.
[7]ROBERGE J M,ANGELSTAM P.Indicator species among resident forest birds-A cross-regional evaluation in northern EuropelJ].Biological Conservation,2006,130:134-147.
[8]ROTENBERRY J T,WIENS J A.Foraging patch selection by shrubsteppe sparrows[J].Ecology,1998,79:1160-1173.
[9]STROHBACH M W,HAASE D,KABISCH N.Birds and the city:Urban biodiversity,land use,and socioeconomics[J].Ecology and Society,2009,14(2):31.
[10]SANDSTROM U,ANGELSTAM P,MIKUSINSKI,G.Ecological diversity of birds in relation to the structure of urban green space[J].Landscape and Urban Planning,2006,77(1/2):39-53.
[11]陈水华,丁平,郑光美,等.园林鸟类群落的岛屿性格局[J].生态学报,2005,25(4):657-663.
[12]WANG Y P,DING P,CHEN S H,et al.Nestedness of bird assemblages on urban woodlots:Implications for conservation[J].Landscape and Urban Planning,2013,111:59-67.
[13]SHANAHAN D F,MILLER C,POSSINGHAM H P,et al.The influence of patch area and connectivity on avian communities in urban revegetation[J].Biological Conservation,2011,144(2):722-729.
[14]FONTANA S,SATTLER T,BONTADINA F,et al.How to manage the urban green to improve bird diversity and community structure[J].Landscape Urban Planning,2011,101(3):278-285.
[15]YANG G,XU J,WANG Y,et al.Evaluation of microhabitats for wild birds in a Shanghai urban area park[J].Urban Forestry and Urban Greening,2015,14(2):246-254.
[16]MACARTHUR R H,WILSON E O.An equilibrium theory of insular zoogeography[J].Evolution,1963,17(4):373-387.
[17]BURNHAM K P,ANDERSON D R.Model Selection and Multimodel Inference:A Practical Informationtheoretic Approach[M].2nd ed.New York:Springer,2002.
[18]蔡音亭,唐仕敏,袁晓,等.上海市鸟类记录及变化[J].复旦学报(自然科学版),2011,50(3):334-343.
[19]HOOVER J P,BRITTINGHAM M C,GOODRICH L J.Effects of forest patch size on nesting success of wood thrushes[J].Auk,1995,112(1):146-155.
[20]杨刚,王勇,许洁,等.城市公园生境类型对鸟类群落的影响[J].生态学报,2015a,35(12):4186-4195.
[21]杨刚,许洁,王勇,等.城市公园植被特征对陆生鸟类集团的影响[J].生态学报,2015b,35(14):4824-4835.
目录