四川龙门山地区早中泥盆世孢子化石研究
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摘要
本文系统研究了四川龙门山地区下泥盆统桂溪组、木耳厂组、观音庙组、关山坡组以及中泥盆统金宝石组的孢子化石,共鉴定孢子41属81种,建立了三个孢子组合带,由下至上分别是:Retusotriletes rotundus—Calamospora panucea(RP)孢子组合、Synorisporites downtoensis—Verrucosisporites scurrus(DS)孢子组合、Densosporites inaequus—Grandispora inculta(Ⅱ)孢子组合。通过与研究较为详细的西欧、北美地区的经典资料,包括老红砂岩大陆、北欧、加拿大等地区,以及国内相关资料的对比,结合特征种的地层分布、重要属种的含量、孢子大小等组合特征,确定RP组合时代为Lochkovian,DS组合时代为Pragian至早Emsian,Ⅱ组合时代为Eifelian中晚期—Givetian早期。这也是首次在金宝石组中发现孢子化石并对其进行研究。另外,通过对孢子直径的统计分析从另一个角度探讨了古植物的演化历程。
Objectives:The Devonian strata of Longmen Mountains in Sichuan Province are so well-developed that it is the ideal place for Devonian stratigraphy and biostratigraphy research.The present paper is dealing with miospores from Guixi,Muerchang,Guanyinmiao,Guanshanpo Formations of Lower Devonian and Jinbaoshi Formation of Middle Devonian in Longmen Mountains.Methods:From these formations 29 samples were collected and processed with standard palynological analysis,abundant but not well-preserved miospores were macerated more or less in 27 samples,while 2 samples were barren.Results:There are 81 species assigned into 41 genera having been recognized.Three assemblages have been proposed in ascending order,namely,Retusotriletes rotundus—Calamspora panucea(RP) assemblage from Guixi Formation and the lower part of Muerchang Formation,Synorisporites downtoensis—Verrucosisporites scurrus(DS)assemblage from the upper part of Muerchang,Guanyinmiao and Guanshanpo Formations,Densosporites inaequus—Grandispora inculta(Ⅱ) assemblage from Jinbaoshi Formation.Conclusions:After comparing with the relevant palynological zones of China,Europe,America and other areas,the RP assemblage is considered to belong to Lochkovian,the DS assemblage is from Pragian to early Emsian,and the Ⅱ assemblage is from late—middle Eifelian to early Givetian.And,according to statistics of the size of spores,some comments on the evolution events of plants are also included in the paper.
Objectives:The Devonian strata of Longmen Mountains in Sichuan Province are so well-developed that it is the ideal place for Devonian stratigraphy and biostratigraphy research.The present paper is dealing with miospores from Guixi,Muerchang,Guanyinmiao,Guanshanpo Formations of Lower Devonian and Jinbaoshi Formation of Middle Devonian in Longmen Mountains.Methods:From these formations 29 samples were collected and processed with standard palynological analysis,abundant but not well-preserved miospores were macerated more or less in 27 samples,while 2 samples were barren.Results:There are 81 species assigned into 41 genera having been recognized.Three assemblages have been proposed in ascending order,namely,Retusotriletes rotundus—Calamspora panucea(RP) assemblage from Guixi Formation and the lower part of Muerchang Formation,Synorisporites downtoensis—Verrucosisporites scurrus(DS)assemblage from the upper part of Muerchang,Guanyinmiao and Guanshanpo Formations,Densosporites inaequus—Grandispora inculta(Ⅱ) assemblage from Jinbaoshi Formation.Conclusions:After comparing with the relevant palynological zones of China,Europe,America and other areas,the RP assemblage is considered to belong to Lochkovian,the DS assemblage is from Pragian to early Emsian,and the Ⅱ assemblage is from late—middle Eifelian to early Givetian.And,according to statistics of the size of spores,some comments on the evolution events of plants are also included in the paper.
引文
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高联达,王宗起,王涛,姜春发,闫臻,闫全人.2009.南秦岭西乡—石泉地区三花石群白勉峡组中泥盆世孢子化石的发现及其地层意义.地质通报,28(4):403~411.11(1):24~32.
高联达,王根贤.1990.湘南下泥盆统源口组孢子组合及其地层意义.湖南地质,9(3):1~10.
高联达,侯静鹏.1975.贵州独山、都匀早、中泥盆世孢子组合特征及其地层意义.地层古生物论文集,第一辑:170~232.
卢礼昌.1994.南京龙潭地区五通组孢子组合及其地质时代.微体古生物学报,11(2):153~199.
卢礼昌.1997a.湖南界岭邵东段微体植物群.古生物学报,36(2):187~206.
卢礼昌.1997b.新疆准噶尔盆地呼吉尔斯特组孢子组合.微体古生物学报,14(3):295~314.
卢札昌,欧阳舒.1976.云南曲靖翠峰山下泥盆统徐家冲组孢子组合.古生物学报,15(1):21~43.
田家杰,朱怀诚.2005.云南沾益泥盆系龙华山组、西冲组孢子生物地层研究.地层学杂志,29(4):311~316,322.
王怿.1994.滇东南文山古木早泥盆世孢子组合.微体古生物学报,11(3):319~332.
王士涛,潘江,王俊卿.1988.广西早泥盆世节甲鱼类及胴甲鱼类化石及华南早泥盆世脊椎动物生物地层对比.古脊椎动物学报,36(1):58~69.
中国地质科学院成都地质矿产研究院、地质研究所.1988.四川龙门山地区泥盆纪地层古生物及沉积相.北京:地质出版社.
朱怀诚.1999a.塔里木盆地北部东河塘组孢子化石.古生物学报,38(3):327~345.
朱怀诚.1999b.新疆南部莎车奇自拉夫组晚泥盆世孢子组合及孢粉相研究.古生物学报,38(1):57~75.
朱怀诚.2000.塔里木盆地北部晚泥盆世孢子组合.古生物学报,39(2):159~176.
Allen K C.1965.Lower and Middle Devonian spores of North and Central Vestspitsbergen.Palaeontology,8(4):687~748.
Allen K C.1967.Spore assemblages and their stratigraphical application in the Lower and Middle Devonian of North and Central Vestspitsbergen.Palaeontology,10(2):280~297.
Allen K C.1980.A review of in situ Late Silurian and Devonian spores.Review of Paleobotany and Palynology,29:253~270.
Avkhimovitch V I,Tchibrikova E V,Obukhovskaya T G,Nazarenko A M,Umnova V T,Raskatova L G,Mantsurova V N,Loboziak S,Streel M.1993.Middle and Upper Devonian Miospore Zonation of Eastern Europe.Bull.Centres Rech.Explor.—Prod.Elf Aquitaine,17(1):79~147.
Bharadwaj D C,Tiwari R S,Venkatachala B S.1973.Devonian mioflora from P'oshi District,(Yunnan)China.Palaeobotanist,22:152~169.
Chaloner W G,Hemsley A R.1991.Heterospory:cul-de-sac of pathway to the seed?In:Blackmore S,Barnes S H.ed.Pollen and spores,patterns of diversification;Systematics Association,Special Volume,44:151~167.
Chaloner W G,Sheerin A.1981.The evolution of reproductive strategies in early land plants.In:Scudder G G E,Reveal J L.ed.Evolution today,Proceeding of the Second International Congress of Systematic and Evolutionary Biology,93~100.
Chaloner W G,Streel M.1966.Lower Devonian spores from South Wales.Argumenta Palaeobotanica,1:87~101.
Chengdu Institute of Geology and Mineral Resources,CAGS,Institution of Geology.1988#.Stratigraphy,palaeontology and sedimental facies of Devonian in Longmenshan,Sichuan.Beijing:Geological Publishing House.
Gao Lianda,Hou Jingpeng.1975#.Lower and Middle Devonian Spore assemblages in Dushan and Duyun,Guizhou and its stratigraphic significance.Memoir of stratigraphy and palaeontology,1:170~232.
Gao Lianda.1976#.Spores and acritarchs of Nagaolingian in Devonian,Liujing,Guangxi.Abstracts of conference on Devonian in South China.Beijing:Geological Publishing House.
Gao L D.1981.Devonian spore assemblages of China.Review of Palaeobotany and Palynology,34:11~23.
Gao Lianda.1988#.Spore-and palyno-stratigraphy.In:Chengdu Institute of Geology and Mineral Resources,CAGS,Institution of Geology.Stratigraphy,palaeontology and sedimental facies of Devonian in Longmenshan,Sichuan.Beijing:Geological Publishing House.
Gao Lianda,Wang Genxian.1990&.Early Devonian miospore assemblage from the Yuankou Formation in southern Hunan and its stratigraphic significance.Hunan Geology,9(3):1~10.
Gao Lianda.1993&.Late Silurian—Early Devonian spores and acritarchs from west Junggar.Xinjiang Geology,11(3):192~206.
Gao Lianda.1996&.Palynomorphs from Baruntehua Formation at West Hills,east Wuzhumuqin Qi,Inner Mongolia and their age.Jour Geol&Min Res North China,
Gao Lianda,Wang Zongqi,Wang Tao,Jiang Chunfa,Yan Zhen,Yan Quanren.2009&.Discovery of the Middle Devonian spores from Baimianxia Formation of Sanhuashi Group,Xixiang—Shiquan region,South Qinling,China and its geological significance.Geological Bulletin of China,28(4):403~411.
Ghavidel—Syooki M.2003.Palynostratigraphy of Devonian sediments in the Zagros Basin,southern Iran.Review of Palaeobotany and Palynology,127:241~268.
Kermandji A M H,Kowalski W M,Touhami F K.2008.Miospore stratigraphy of Lower and early Middle Devonian deposits from Tidikelt,Central Sahara,Algeria.Geobios,41:227~251.
Kevan P G,Chaloner W G.,Savile D B 0.1975.Interrelationships of early terrestrial arthropods and plants.Palaeontology,18:391~417.
Lu Lichang,Ouyang Shu.1976&.The Early Devonian spore assemblage from the Xujiachong Formation at Cuifengshan,in Qujing of Yunnan.Acta Palaeontologica Sinica,15(1):21~43.
Lu Lichang.1997b&.Miospores from the Hujiersite Formation at Aherbruckomha in Hoboksar,Xinjiang.Acta Micropalaeontologica Sinica,14(3):295~314.
Lu Lichang.1997a&.Microflora from Shaodong Member at Jieling section,Hunan,China.Acta Palaeontologica Sinica,36(2):187~206.
Lu Lichang.1994&.Devonian—Carboniferous miospore assemblages from the Wutung Formation in Longtan near Nanjing,Jiangsu.Acta Micropalaeontologica Sinica,11(2):153~199.
Loboziak S,Melo J H G.2000.Miospores events from late Early to Late Devonian strata of Western Gondwana.Geobios,33:399~407.
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Marshall J E A.1996b.Rhabdosporites langii,Geminospora lemmata and Contagisporites optivus;an origin for heterospory within the Progymnosperms.Review of Palaeobotany and Palynology,93:150~189.
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高联达.1988.孢子植物生物地层.见:中国地质科学院成都地质矿产研究院,地质研究所.四川龙门山地区泥盆纪地层古生物及沉积相.北京:地质出版社.
高联达.1993.西准噶尔晚志留世、早泥盆世孢子和疑源类.新疆地质,11(3):192~206.
高联达.1996.内蒙古东乌珠穆沁旗西山巴润特花组孢型化石及其时代.华北地质矿产杂志,11(1):24~32.
高联达,王宗起,王涛,姜春发,闫臻,闫全人.2009.南秦岭西乡—石泉地区三花石群白勉峡组中泥盆世孢子化石的发现及其地层意义.地质通报,28(4):403~411.11(1):24~32.
高联达,王根贤.1990.湘南下泥盆统源口组孢子组合及其地层意义.湖南地质,9(3):1~10.
高联达,侯静鹏.1975.贵州独山、都匀早、中泥盆世孢子组合特征及其地层意义.地层古生物论文集,第一辑:170~232.
卢礼昌.1994.南京龙潭地区五通组孢子组合及其地质时代.微体古生物学报,11(2):153~199.
卢礼昌.1997a.湖南界岭邵东段微体植物群.古生物学报,36(2):187~206.
卢礼昌.1997b.新疆准噶尔盆地呼吉尔斯特组孢子组合.微体古生物学报,14(3):295~314.
卢札昌,欧阳舒.1976.云南曲靖翠峰山下泥盆统徐家冲组孢子组合.古生物学报,15(1):21~43.
田家杰,朱怀诚.2005.云南沾益泥盆系龙华山组、西冲组孢子生物地层研究.地层学杂志,29(4):311~316,322.
王怿.1994.滇东南文山古木早泥盆世孢子组合.微体古生物学报,11(3):319~332.
王士涛,潘江,王俊卿.1988.广西早泥盆世节甲鱼类及胴甲鱼类化石及华南早泥盆世脊椎动物生物地层对比.古脊椎动物学报,36(1):58~69.
中国地质科学院成都地质矿产研究院、地质研究所.1988.四川龙门山地区泥盆纪地层古生物及沉积相.北京:地质出版社.
朱怀诚.1999a.塔里木盆地北部东河塘组孢子化石.古生物学报,38(3):327~345.
朱怀诚.1999b.新疆南部莎车奇自拉夫组晚泥盆世孢子组合及孢粉相研究.古生物学报,38(1):57~75.
朱怀诚.2000.塔里木盆地北部晚泥盆世孢子组合.古生物学报,39(2):159~176.
Allen K C.1965.Lower and Middle Devonian spores of North and Central Vestspitsbergen.Palaeontology,8(4):687~748.
Allen K C.1967.Spore assemblages and their stratigraphical application in the Lower and Middle Devonian of North and Central Vestspitsbergen.Palaeontology,10(2):280~297.
Allen K C.1980.A review of in situ Late Silurian and Devonian spores.Review of Paleobotany and Palynology,29:253~270.
Avkhimovitch V I,Tchibrikova E V,Obukhovskaya T G,Nazarenko A M,Umnova V T,Raskatova L G,Mantsurova V N,Loboziak S,Streel M.1993.Middle and Upper Devonian Miospore Zonation of Eastern Europe.Bull.Centres Rech.Explor.—Prod.Elf Aquitaine,17(1):79~147.
Bharadwaj D C,Tiwari R S,Venkatachala B S.1973.Devonian mioflora from P'oshi District,(Yunnan)China.Palaeobotanist,22:152~169.
Chaloner W G,Hemsley A R.1991.Heterospory:cul-de-sac of pathway to the seed?In:Blackmore S,Barnes S H.ed.Pollen and spores,patterns of diversification;Systematics Association,Special Volume,44:151~167.
Chaloner W G,Sheerin A.1981.The evolution of reproductive strategies in early land plants.In:Scudder G G E,Reveal J L.ed.Evolution today,Proceeding of the Second International Congress of Systematic and Evolutionary Biology,93~100.
Chaloner W G,Streel M.1966.Lower Devonian spores from South Wales.Argumenta Palaeobotanica,1:87~101.
Chengdu Institute of Geology and Mineral Resources,CAGS,Institution of Geology.1988#.Stratigraphy,palaeontology and sedimental facies of Devonian in Longmenshan,Sichuan.Beijing:Geological Publishing House.
Gao Lianda,Hou Jingpeng.1975#.Lower and Middle Devonian Spore assemblages in Dushan and Duyun,Guizhou and its stratigraphic significance.Memoir of stratigraphy and palaeontology,1:170~232.
Gao Lianda.1976#.Spores and acritarchs of Nagaolingian in Devonian,Liujing,Guangxi.Abstracts of conference on Devonian in South China.Beijing:Geological Publishing House.
Gao L D.1981.Devonian spore assemblages of China.Review of Palaeobotany and Palynology,34:11~23.
Gao Lianda.1988#.Spore-and palyno-stratigraphy.In:Chengdu Institute of Geology and Mineral Resources,CAGS,Institution of Geology.Stratigraphy,palaeontology and sedimental facies of Devonian in Longmenshan,Sichuan.Beijing:Geological Publishing House.
Gao Lianda,Wang Genxian.1990&.Early Devonian miospore assemblage from the Yuankou Formation in southern Hunan and its stratigraphic significance.Hunan Geology,9(3):1~10.
Gao Lianda.1993&.Late Silurian—Early Devonian spores and acritarchs from west Junggar.Xinjiang Geology,11(3):192~206.
Gao Lianda.1996&.Palynomorphs from Baruntehua Formation at West Hills,east Wuzhumuqin Qi,Inner Mongolia and their age.Jour Geol&Min Res North China,
Gao Lianda,Wang Zongqi,Wang Tao,Jiang Chunfa,Yan Zhen,Yan Quanren.2009&.Discovery of the Middle Devonian spores from Baimianxia Formation of Sanhuashi Group,Xixiang—Shiquan region,South Qinling,China and its geological significance.Geological Bulletin of China,28(4):403~411.
Ghavidel—Syooki M.2003.Palynostratigraphy of Devonian sediments in the Zagros Basin,southern Iran.Review of Palaeobotany and Palynology,127:241~268.
Kermandji A M H,Kowalski W M,Touhami F K.2008.Miospore stratigraphy of Lower and early Middle Devonian deposits from Tidikelt,Central Sahara,Algeria.Geobios,41:227~251.
Kevan P G,Chaloner W G.,Savile D B 0.1975.Interrelationships of early terrestrial arthropods and plants.Palaeontology,18:391~417.
Lu Lichang,Ouyang Shu.1976&.The Early Devonian spore assemblage from the Xujiachong Formation at Cuifengshan,in Qujing of Yunnan.Acta Palaeontologica Sinica,15(1):21~43.
Lu Lichang.1997b&.Miospores from the Hujiersite Formation at Aherbruckomha in Hoboksar,Xinjiang.Acta Micropalaeontologica Sinica,14(3):295~314.
Lu Lichang.1997a&.Microflora from Shaodong Member at Jieling section,Hunan,China.Acta Palaeontologica Sinica,36(2):187~206.
Lu Lichang.1994&.Devonian—Carboniferous miospore assemblages from the Wutung Formation in Longtan near Nanjing,Jiangsu.Acta Micropalaeontologica Sinica,11(2):153~199.
Loboziak S,Melo J H G.2000.Miospores events from late Early to Late Devonian strata of Western Gondwana.Geobios,33:399~407.
Marshall J E A.1996a.Chapter 29 A.Vegetational history of Devonian spores.In:Jansonius J,McGregor D C(ed).Palynology:principles and applications.American Association of Stratigraphic Palynologists Foundation,3;1133~1141.
Marshall J E A.1996b.Rhabdosporites langii,Geminospora lemmata and Contagisporites optivus;an origin for heterospory within the Progymnosperms.Review of Palaeobotany and Palynology,93:150~189.
McGregor D C,Camfield M.1976.Upper Silurian to Middle Devonian spores of the Moose River Basin,Ontario.Can.J.Earth Sci.Bulletin,263:1~63.
McGregor D C.1977.Lower and Middle Devonian spores of Eastern Gaspe,CanadaⅡ:Biostratigraphy.Palaeontographica Abt.B.Bd.,163:111~142.
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