长江上游原生动物的群落生态学研究
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摘要
于2003~2007年采集了长江上游通天河至三峡水库的原生动物样品,对长江上游地区原生动物的分布情况作了较全面的调查。该调查共设93个采样站点,其中通天河—重庆在长江干流设38个采样站,支流设22个采样站,三峡库区设33个采样点,每年丰水期和平水期各采集1次。调查结果表明,长江上游共检出309种原生动物,隶属于60科106属,其中通天河至金沙江段检出140种,水富—重庆江段检出90种,三峡水库检出245种。金沙江段优势种为砂壳虫、匣壳虫、表壳虫和圆壳虫;水富—重庆段优势种为砂壳虫、匣壳虫及巢居法帽虫;三峡库区种类较为丰富,除了砂壳虫科和表壳科依然占据优势外,筒壳虫、变形虫、领鞭虫、吸管虫和钟虫也逐渐增多,成为一些区域的优势种。三峡水库检出的原生动物种类多于上游河流段,其中有125种只在三峡库区检出。与1990年三峡地区原生动物资料相比,库区的群落结构发生了明显变化。随着水库水文情势的变化,原生动物种类组成也由以有壳肉足虫为主的河流型逐渐转变为以纤毛虫占优势的静水型种类。
The author took a rather comprehensive investigation from the source Tongtian River to TGR in the year of 2003 to 2007.93 sampling sites were set in total,of which 38 sites were in main stream from Tongtian River to Chongqing and 22 in its tributaries,and 33 sites were set in TGR area.It sampled twice a year during high-water period and normal-water period respectively.Investigation results showed that there are 309 species protozoa in total in upper reaches,belonging to 60 families and 106 genera.140 species were detected in the reaches from Tongtian River to Jinsha River,90 species from Yibin to Chongqing and 245 species in TGR.Difflugia,Centropyxis,Arcella and Cyclopyxis are dominant species in Jinsha River reaches,and Difflugia,Centropyxis,Phryganella nidulus are dominant in Yibin-Chongqing reaches.The protozoan in TGR are relatively abundant,besides the Family Difflugiidae and Family Arcellidae,Tintinnidium and Amoeba are increasing and becoming dominant.There are more protozoa in TGR than in the upper river,and of all the species,125 species are detected in TGR only.Compared with the data in 1990 the dominant species in TGR have changed completely,and the community construction altered distinctly,all of which are related to the TGP.
The author took a rather comprehensive investigation from the source Tongtian River to TGR in the year of 2003 to 2007.93 sampling sites were set in total,of which 38 sites were in main stream from Tongtian River to Chongqing and 22 in its tributaries,and 33 sites were set in TGR area.It sampled twice a year during high-water period and normal-water period respectively.Investigation results showed that there are 309 species protozoa in total in upper reaches,belonging to 60 families and 106 genera.140 species were detected in the reaches from Tongtian River to Jinsha River,90 species from Yibin to Chongqing and 245 species in TGR.Difflugia,Centropyxis,Arcella and Cyclopyxis are dominant species in Jinsha River reaches,and Difflugia,Centropyxis,Phryganella nidulus are dominant in Yibin-Chongqing reaches.The protozoan in TGR are relatively abundant,besides the Family Difflugiidae and Family Arcellidae,Tintinnidium and Amoeba are increasing and becoming dominant.There are more protozoa in TGR than in the upper river,and of all the species,125 species are detected in TGR only.Compared with the data in 1990 the dominant species in TGR have changed completely,and the community construction altered distinctly,all of which are related to the TGP.
引文
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刘娜,孔维宝,王文科,等.2005.黄河三峡湿地保护区水体原生动物构成及水质评价[J].环境研究与监测,18(3):1-4.
马正学.1994.用原生动物评价黄河兰州段的水质[J].中国环境科学,14(6):401-406.
沈韫芬,章宗涉,龚循矩,等.1990.微型生物监测新技术[M].北京:中国建筑工业出版社.
沈韫芬.1999.原生动物学[M].北京:科学出版社.
舒俭民,宋福,傅德黔,等.1998.长江源区浮游生物调查初报[J].中国环境监测,14(5):7-9.
宋碧玉.2000.长江洞庭湖口原生动物的生态学研究[J].水生生物学报,24(4):317-321.
苏良栋,王爱珍,李林.1988.重庆原生动物调查初报[J].四川动物,7(2):1-4.
中国科学院青藏高原综合科学考察队.1983.西藏水生无脊椎动物[M].北京:科学出版社.
Finlay B J,Esteban G F.1998.Freshwater protozoa:biodiver-sity and ecological function[J].Biodiversity and Conserva-tion,7:1163-1186.
G Fernandez-Leborans.2001.Protozoan groups in sublittoral ar-eas[J].Journal of the Marine Biological Association of theUnited Kindom,81:735-750.
Paolo Madoni.1993.Ciliated protozoa and water quality in theParma River(Northern Italy):long-term changes in thecommunity structure[J].Hydrobiologia,264:129-135.
Pratt J R,Horwitz R,Cairns J Jr.1987.Protozoan communitiesof the Flint River-Lake Blackshear ecosystem(Georgia,USA)[J].Hydrobiologia,148:159-174.
韩德举,胡菊香.1995.长江仪征—崇明段的肉足虫和纤毛虫[J].动物学杂志,30(2):2-7.
姜兴义,盛和明.1987.嘉陵江重庆段原生动物初步调查[J].重庆环境科学,(5):43-46.
刘娜,孔维宝,王文科,等.2005.黄河三峡湿地保护区水体原生动物构成及水质评价[J].环境研究与监测,18(3):1-4.
马正学.1994.用原生动物评价黄河兰州段的水质[J].中国环境科学,14(6):401-406.
沈韫芬,章宗涉,龚循矩,等.1990.微型生物监测新技术[M].北京:中国建筑工业出版社.
沈韫芬.1999.原生动物学[M].北京:科学出版社.
舒俭民,宋福,傅德黔,等.1998.长江源区浮游生物调查初报[J].中国环境监测,14(5):7-9.
宋碧玉.2000.长江洞庭湖口原生动物的生态学研究[J].水生生物学报,24(4):317-321.
苏良栋,王爱珍,李林.1988.重庆原生动物调查初报[J].四川动物,7(2):1-4.
中国科学院青藏高原综合科学考察队.1983.西藏水生无脊椎动物[M].北京:科学出版社.
Finlay B J,Esteban G F.1998.Freshwater protozoa:biodiver-sity and ecological function[J].Biodiversity and Conserva-tion,7:1163-1186.
G Fernandez-Leborans.2001.Protozoan groups in sublittoral ar-eas[J].Journal of the Marine Biological Association of theUnited Kindom,81:735-750.
Paolo Madoni.1993.Ciliated protozoa and water quality in theParma River(Northern Italy):long-term changes in thecommunity structure[J].Hydrobiologia,264:129-135.
Pratt J R,Horwitz R,Cairns J Jr.1987.Protozoan communitiesof the Flint River-Lake Blackshear ecosystem(Georgia,USA)[J].Hydrobiologia,148:159-174.
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