四川盆地大中型天然气田(藏)中H_2S形成及富集机制
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摘要
通过对四川盆地含硫天然气田(藏)时空分布、地球化学特征及模拟实验结果等的综合研究,揭示H2S形成机理并进行分布预测。P2ch—T1f储集层中足够的含镁SO42-溶液和丰富的烃类(古油藏)在高温条件下发生硫酸盐热化学还原反应(TSR)是四川盆地大中型天然气田中大量H2S形成的主要途径;充足的物源基础、足够的能量供给、适宜的储集空间和苛刻的还原环境下发生的原地反应是高含硫天然气田(藏)形成的主要机制。而以与P2ch—T1f礁滩相储集层同期异相的致密碳酸盐岩为主的斜坡带、陆棚内部以及嘉陵江组、雷口坡组等因缺乏物源、能量等难以形成高丰度H2S,即使有自P2ch—T1f储集层运移而来的高含硫天然气,也因远距离运移H2S被消耗而变为富烃低硫天然气。预测川东北黑池梁礁滩相沉积区有发育高含硫天然气藏的可能性。图4表3参30
Based on the comprehensive research on space-time distribution and geochemical characteristics of sour gas fields(reservoirs) in Sichuan Basin and relevant simulation experiment results,H2S formation mechanism is revealed and its distribution is predicted.P2ch—T1f reservoirs have sufficient magnesic SO42-solution and abundant hydrocarbons(palaeo pools),and at high temperature,sulfate thermochemical reduction(TSR) occurs.This is the major origin of the abundant H2S in large to medium scale gas fields.The formation mechanism of highly sour gas fields(reservoirs) is the in-situ reaction under the conditions of sufficient source,enough energy supply,suitable reservoir space and severe reduction environment.However,in the following area or strata,such as the slope belt,continental shelf,Jialingjia Formation and Leikoupo Formation,which are dominantly compact carbonatite and have contemporaneous different facies compared to P2ch—T1f reef flat facies reservoirs, for lack of source and energy,it is difficult to form abundant H2S.Even though highly sour natural gas migrating from P2ch—T1f reservoirs is available,H2S is consumed due to long distance migration and changes into hydrocarbon-rich sweet natural gas.It is predicted that the Heichiliang reef flat facies sedimentary zone in northeastern Sichuan has highly sour natural gas reservoirs.
Based on the comprehensive research on space-time distribution and geochemical characteristics of sour gas fields(reservoirs) in Sichuan Basin and relevant simulation experiment results,H2S formation mechanism is revealed and its distribution is predicted.P2ch—T1f reservoirs have sufficient magnesic SO42-solution and abundant hydrocarbons(palaeo pools),and at high temperature,sulfate thermochemical reduction(TSR) occurs.This is the major origin of the abundant H2S in large to medium scale gas fields.The formation mechanism of highly sour gas fields(reservoirs) is the in-situ reaction under the conditions of sufficient source,enough energy supply,suitable reservoir space and severe reduction environment.However,in the following area or strata,such as the slope belt,continental shelf,Jialingjia Formation and Leikoupo Formation,which are dominantly compact carbonatite and have contemporaneous different facies compared to P2ch—T1f reef flat facies reservoirs, for lack of source and energy,it is difficult to form abundant H2S.Even though highly sour natural gas migrating from P2ch—T1f reservoirs is available,H2S is consumed due to long distance migration and changes into hydrocarbon-rich sweet natural gas.It is predicted that the Heichiliang reef flat facies sedimentary zone in northeastern Sichuan has highly sour natural gas reservoirs.
引文
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[2]王一刚,窦立荣,文应初,等.四川盆地东北部三叠系飞仙关组高含硫气藏H2S成因研究[J].地球化学,2002,31(6):517-524.Wang Yigang,Dou Lirong,Wen Yingchu,et al.Origin of H2Sin Triassic Feixianguan formation gas pools,NortheasternSichuan Basin,China[J].Geochimica,2002,31(6):517-524.
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[9]赵宗举.海相碳酸盐岩储集层类型、成藏模式及勘探思路[J].石油勘探与开发,2008,35(6):692-703.Zhao Zongju.Types,accumulation models and explorationconcepts of marine carbonate reservoirs[J].PetroleumExploration and Development,2008,35(6):692-703.
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[12]Zhang Tongwei,Ellis G S,Walters C C,et al.Geochemicalsignatures of thermochemical sulfate reduction in controlledhydrous pyrolysis experiments[J].Organic Geochemistry,2008,39(3):308-328.
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[14]黄思静,Qing Hairuo,胡作维,等.封闭系统中的白云石化作用及其石油地质学和矿床学意义———以四川盆地东北部三叠系飞仙关组碳酸盐岩为例[J].岩石学报,2007,23(11):2955-2962.Huang Sijing,Qing Hairuo,Hu Zuowei,et al.Closed-systemdolomitization and the significance for petroleum and economicgeology:An example from Feixianguan carbonates,Triassic,NESichuan basin of China[J].Acta Petrologica Sinica,2007,23(11):2955-2962.
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[16]郑荣才,耿威,郑超,等.川东北地区飞仙关组优质白云岩储层的成因[J].石油学报,2008,29(6):815-821.Zheng Rongcai,Geng Wei,Zheng Chao,et al.Genesis ofdolostone reservoir of Feixianguan Formation in Lower Triassic ofnortheast Sichuan Basin[J].Acta Petrolei Sinica,2008,29(6):815-821.
[17]刘树根,黄文明,张长俊,等.四川盆地白云岩成因的研究现状及存在问题[J].岩性油气藏,2008,20(2):6-15.Liu Shugen,Huang Wenming,Zhang Changjun,et al.Researchstatus of dolomite genesis and its problems in Sichuan Basin[J].Lithologic Reservoirs,2008,20(2):6-15.
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[23]张建勇,刘文汇,腾格尔,等.TSR模拟实验装置的材料选择[J].石油实验地质,2010,32(4):102-106.Zhang Jianyong,Liu Wenhui,Tengger,et al.Material selectionof TSR simulation experiment instruments[J].PetroleumGeology&Experiment,2010,32(4):102-106.
[24]杨永强,翟裕生,侯玉树,等.沉积岩型铅锌矿床的成矿系统研究[J].地学前缘,2006,13(3):200-205.Yang Yongqiang,Zhai Yusheng,Hou Yushu,et al.Study ofmetallogenic systems of sediment-hosted lead and zinc deposits[J].Earth Science Frontiers,2006,13(3):200-205.
[25]王兰生,陈盛吉,杨家静,等.川东石炭系碳酸盐岩气藏地球化学特征[J].海相油气地质,2000,5(1-2):133-144.Wang Lansheng,Chen Shengji,Yang Jiajing,et al.Geochemicalcharacteristics of gas pools in Carboniferous carbonate formation,eastern Sichuan Basin,China[J].Marine Origin PetroleumGeology,2000,5(1-2):133-144.
[26]沈平,徐人芬,党录瑞,等.中国海相油气田勘探实例之十一:四川盆地五百梯石炭系气田的勘探与发现[J].海相油气地质,2009,14(2):71-78.Shen Ping,Xu Renfen,Dang Lurui,et al.Cases of discovery andexploration of marine fields in China(Part 11):WubaitiCarboniferous Gas Field in Sichuan Basin[J].Marine OriginPetroleum Geology,2009,14(2):71-78.
[27]梁大川,崔茂荣,黄进军.川东地区二迭系梁山组地层井壁不稳定机理及对策[J].钻采工艺,2001,24(1):16-18.Liang Dachuan,Cui Maorong,Huang Jinjun.The boreholeinstability mechanism and countermeasure to Permian Liangshanformation in east of Sichuan[J].Drilling&ProductionTechnology,2001,24(1):16-18.
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