2013年湖北省两次降雪过程对比分析
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摘要
利用常规观测资料、NCEP再分析资料、微波辐射计及多普勒雷达等资料对2013年2月7—8日干雪过程、2月18—19日湿雪过程,从水汽、不稳定、动力及温湿层结方面进行对比分析,得出如下结论:(1)2月7—8日的干雪过程水汽层次浅薄,水汽输送支仅为700 hPa弱西南气流;2月18—19日的湿雪过程水汽充沛,水汽输送支为700 hPa强西南急流和850 hPa东南气流。(2)干雪过程低层冷平流强,层结稳定。湿雪过程低层暖平流强,冷暖交汇使大气不稳定度增加。(3)干雪过程中弱暖湿气流沿深厚冷空气垫爬升,动力辐合位于中高层,次级环流的形成减弱上升运动。湿雪过程中弱冷空气楔入到强暖湿气流底部,迫使其抬升,形成深厚上升运动区,次级环流的形成增强上升运动。(4)干雪过程整层温度<0℃,700 hPa出现冷性逆温层,-10℃层位于925 hPa附近,水汽密度、液态水含量、整层水汽含量较小;湿雪过程700 hPa出现暖性逆温层,-10℃层位于500 hPa附近,水汽密度、液态水含量、整层水汽含量较大。在上述研究的基础上给出了干、湿雪形成的三维物理模型,该模型从温湿(风)垂直层结上面体现出了干、湿雪形成的主要环境背景差异,对于干、湿雪预报具有一定的参考价值。
Based on conventional weather chart,NCEP reanalysis data,microwave radiometer products and Doppler radar observations,the water vapor,thermal and dynamic conditions,temperature and humidity stratification during 7—8(dry snow) and 18—19(wet snow) February 2013 are comparatively analyzed.The results show that:(1) The vapor transportation branch in dry snow process is weak southwest air current at 700 hPa,but the vapor transportation branch in wet snow process is the strong southwest air current at 700 hPa and the southeast air current at 850 hPa with sufficient moisture.(2) There is strong cold advection and stable atmospheric layer in dry snow process.However,strong warm advection exits in wet snow process in which cold and warm flow intersection makes atmospheric instability enhanced.(3)The southwest current ascends on the cooling cushion in dry snow process with convergence at middle-high levels,and the secondary circulation inhibits ascending motion.In wet snow process,the cold air inserts the bottom of warm flow,making warm flow lifted,and the secondary circulation supplies a continuous and powerful updrafts.(4) The temperature is lower than 0℃ at all levels with cold inversion layer and low vapor density,liquid water content and water vapor content at all levels in dry snow,and the level of -10℃ is found at 925 hPa.On the contrary,warm inversion layer exists in wet snow with high vapor density,liquid water content and water vapor content at all levels,and the level of -10℃ is at 500 hPa.Finally,three-dimensional physical model for the formation of dry snow and wet snow is built based on the above researches.The model reflects the main environmental background difference of temperature and humidity air stratification,which has certain reference significance for dry and wet snow forecasting.
Based on conventional weather chart,NCEP reanalysis data,microwave radiometer products and Doppler radar observations,the water vapor,thermal and dynamic conditions,temperature and humidity stratification during 7—8(dry snow) and 18—19(wet snow) February 2013 are comparatively analyzed.The results show that:(1) The vapor transportation branch in dry snow process is weak southwest air current at 700 hPa,but the vapor transportation branch in wet snow process is the strong southwest air current at 700 hPa and the southeast air current at 850 hPa with sufficient moisture.(2) There is strong cold advection and stable atmospheric layer in dry snow process.However,strong warm advection exits in wet snow process in which cold and warm flow intersection makes atmospheric instability enhanced.(3)The southwest current ascends on the cooling cushion in dry snow process with convergence at middle-high levels,and the secondary circulation inhibits ascending motion.In wet snow process,the cold air inserts the bottom of warm flow,making warm flow lifted,and the secondary circulation supplies a continuous and powerful updrafts.(4) The temperature is lower than 0℃ at all levels with cold inversion layer and low vapor density,liquid water content and water vapor content at all levels in dry snow,and the level of -10℃ is found at 925 hPa.On the contrary,warm inversion layer exists in wet snow with high vapor density,liquid water content and water vapor content at all levels,and the level of -10℃ is at 500 hPa.Finally,three-dimensional physical model for the formation of dry snow and wet snow is built based on the above researches.The model reflects the main environmental background difference of temperature and humidity air stratification,which has certain reference significance for dry and wet snow forecasting.
引文
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徐双柱,王晓玲,王平,等.2009.湖北省冬季大雪成因分析与预报方法研究.暴雨灾害,28(2):333-338.
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杨晓霞,吴炜,万明波,等.2012.山东省两次暴雪天气的对比分析.气象,38(7):868-876.
姚蓉,叶成志,田莹,等.2012.2011年初湖南暴雪过程的成因和数值模拟分析.气象,38(7):848-857.
叶晨,王建捷,张文龙.2011.2009年“1101”暴雪的形成机制.应用气象学报,22(4):398-410.
于晓晶,辜旭赞,李红莉.2013.山东半岛一次冷流暴雪过程的中尺度模拟与云微物理特征分析.气象,39(8):955-964.
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Admirat P,Sakamoto Y.1988.Wet Snow on Overhead Lines:Stateof-art.Proceedings of the 4th International Workshop on Atmospheric Icing of Structures,8-13.
Goodison B E.1981.Handbook of Snow.Toronto:Bergamon Press,220-235.
Huang Qiang,Hanesiak J,Savelyev S.2008.Visibility during blowing snow events over Arctic Sea ice.Wea Forecasting,23.741-751.
Makkonen L,Lozowski E P.2008.Numerical modeling of icing on power network equipment.Atmospheric Icing of Power Networks.New York;Springer,83-117.
Paterson W S B.1981.The Physics of Glaciers.New York:Pergamon Press,3-13.
Wakahama G,Kuroiwa D.1977.Snow accretion on electric wires and itsprevention.Glaciol,19(81):479-487.
陈涛,崔彩霞.2012.“2010.1.6”新疆北部特大暴雪过程中的锋面结构及降水机制.气象,38(8):921-931.
董林,符娇兰,宗志平.2012.2011年隆冬北京初雪成因分析.气象,38(8):913-920.
杜小玲,高守亭,彭芳.2014.2011年初贵州持续低温雨雪冰冻天气成因研究.大气科学,38(1):61-72.
范元月,汤剑平,徐双柱,等.2010.一次湖北暴雪天气的诊断与模拟.气象科学,30(1):111-115.
刘志勇,陈剑云,徐元顺,等.2008.一次区域性暴雪天气过程的诊断分析.暴雨灾害,27(3):248-253.
龙利民,黄治勇,苏磊,等.2010.2008年初湖北省低温雨雪冰冻天气温度平流配置分析.大气科学学报,33(6):745-750.
马丽娟,秦大河.2012.1957—2009年中国台站观测的关键积雪参数时空变化特征.冰川冻土,34(1):1-11.
孟雪峰,孙永刚,姜艳丰.2012.内蒙古东北部一次致灾大到暴雪天气分析.气象,38(7):877-883.
王东海,端义宏,刘英,等.2013.一次秋季温带气旋的雨雪天气过程分析.气象学报,71(4):606-627.
徐双柱,王晓玲,王平,等.2009.湖北省冬季大雪成因分析与预报方法研究.暴雨灾害,28(2):333-338.
杨琨,薛建军.2013.使用加密降雪资料分析降雪量和积雪深度关系.应用气象学报,23(3):349-355.
杨晓亮,王咏青,杨敏,等.2014.一次暴雨与特大暴雪并存的华北强降水过程分析.气象,40(12):1446-1454.
杨晓霞,吴炜,万明波,等.2012.山东省两次暴雪天气的对比分析.气象,38(7):868-876.
姚蓉,叶成志,田莹,等.2012.2011年初湖南暴雪过程的成因和数值模拟分析.气象,38(7):848-857.
叶晨,王建捷,张文龙.2011.2009年“1101”暴雪的形成机制.应用气象学报,22(4):398-410.
于晓晶,辜旭赞,李红莉.2013.山东半岛一次冷流暴雪过程的中尺度模拟与云微物理特征分析.气象,39(8):955-964.
余政,邹伦硕,王秀明.等.2013.2011年1月九江地区暴雪过程的流场特征及强回波成因分析.气象,39(8):1014-1022.
Admirat P,Sakamoto Y.1988.Wet Snow on Overhead Lines:Stateof-art.Proceedings of the 4th International Workshop on Atmospheric Icing of Structures,8-13.
Goodison B E.1981.Handbook of Snow.Toronto:Bergamon Press,220-235.
Huang Qiang,Hanesiak J,Savelyev S.2008.Visibility during blowing snow events over Arctic Sea ice.Wea Forecasting,23.741-751.
Makkonen L,Lozowski E P.2008.Numerical modeling of icing on power network equipment.Atmospheric Icing of Power Networks.New York;Springer,83-117.
Paterson W S B.1981.The Physics of Glaciers.New York:Pergamon Press,3-13.
Wakahama G,Kuroiwa D.1977.Snow accretion on electric wires and itsprevention.Glaciol,19(81):479-487.
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