贵州瓮安陡山沱组磷块岩生物标志物特征及对沉积环境的指示
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摘要
贵州瓮安新元古界陡山沱组磷块岩中发现的瓮安生物群主要包括多细胞藻类、蓝菌、疑源类、后生动物休眠卵及胚胎、管状后生动物和两侧对称的后生动物等化石类型。对瓮安陡山沱组磷块岩的有机地球化学分析表明,烃类有机组分包括正构烷烃、萜类、甾类和类异戊二烯烃。正构烷烃主峰为C21,碳数分布范围宽;OEP值为1.03,接近1。Pr/Ph比值为0.95,植烷略显优势。规则甾烷呈不对称的"V"字形分布,表现为C27>C29>C28的分布特征。C27占优势可能是由大量的带刺疑源类所致。生物标志物特征指示瓮安陡山沱组磷块岩中的有机物来源于藻类和细菌,显示还原性、较高盐度的成磷沉积环境。
The fossil assemblages of the Weng'an biotas identified in the phosphorites from the Neoproterozoic Doushantuo Formation in Weng'an,Guizhou consist of multicelluar algae,cyanobacteria,Acritarchs,dormant eggs and embryos of metazoas,tabular metazoas and bilateral metazoas and so on.The organic geochemical analysis of the phosphorite samples collected from the Doushantuo Formation in Weng'an has disclosed that the hydrocarbon fractions contain n-alkanes,terpanes,steranes,and isoprenoid hydrocarbons.The distribution of n-alkanes displays the highest peak of nC21,and a wide range of carbon atom numbers.The OEP value equals to 1.03,and the Pr/Ph ratio equals to 0.95,indicating the phytane dominance.The sterane contents of C27>C29>C28 shows the distribution of asymmetrical "V" shape.The dominance of C27 may be caused by abundant acritarchs.The biomarkers cited above indicate that the organisms in the phosphorites are mostly derived from algae and bacteria.Some of the biomarkers also suggest the reducing and high-salinity sedimentary environments of phosphorites.
The fossil assemblages of the Weng'an biotas identified in the phosphorites from the Neoproterozoic Doushantuo Formation in Weng'an,Guizhou consist of multicelluar algae,cyanobacteria,Acritarchs,dormant eggs and embryos of metazoas,tabular metazoas and bilateral metazoas and so on.The organic geochemical analysis of the phosphorite samples collected from the Doushantuo Formation in Weng'an has disclosed that the hydrocarbon fractions contain n-alkanes,terpanes,steranes,and isoprenoid hydrocarbons.The distribution of n-alkanes displays the highest peak of nC21,and a wide range of carbon atom numbers.The OEP value equals to 1.03,and the Pr/Ph ratio equals to 0.95,indicating the phytane dominance.The sterane contents of C27>C29>C28 shows the distribution of asymmetrical "V" shape.The dominance of C27 may be caused by abundant acritarchs.The biomarkers cited above indicate that the organisms in the phosphorites are mostly derived from algae and bacteria.Some of the biomarkers also suggest the reducing and high-salinity sedimentary environments of phosphorites.
引文
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[2]XIAO HS,ZHANG Y,KNOLL A H.Three-dimensional preser-vation of algae and animal embryos in a Neoproterozoic phosphorite[J].Nature,1998,391(6667):553-558.
[3]CHEN J Y,BOTTJER D J,OLTVERI P,et al.Small bilaterianfossil from 40 to 50 million years before the Cambrian[J].Science,2004,305(5681):218-222.
[4]CHEN J,BOTTJER D J,DAVIDSON E H,et al.Phosphatizedpolar lobe-forming embryos from the Precambrian of SouthwestChina[J].Science,2006,312(5780):1644-1646.
[5]解启来,陈多福,漆亮,等.贵州瓮安陡山沱组磷块岩稀土元素地球化学特征与沉积期后变化[J].沉积学报,2003,21(4):627-633.
[6]聂文明,马东升,潘家永,等.黔中新元古代—早寒武世含磷岩系δ13C变化及其古海洋意义[J].南京大学学报(自然科学版),2006,42(3):257-268.
[7]DORNBOS S Q,BOTTJER D T.Environmental controls on thetaphonomy of phosphatized animals and animal embryos from theNeoproterozoic Doushantuo Formation,Southwest China[J].Palaios,2006,21:3-14.
[8]YIN C Y,TANG F,LIU Y Q,et al.U-Pb zircon age from thebase of the Ediacaran Doushantuo Formation in the YangtzeGorges,South China:constraint on the age of Marinoan[J].Episodes,2005,28(1):48-49.
[9]C巴克.石油勘探中的有机地球化学[M].北京:石油工业出版社,1982.
[10]温汉捷,裘愉卓,姚林波,等.中国若干下寒武统高硒地层的有机地球化学特征及生物标志物研究[J].地球化学,2000,29(1):28-34.
[11]黄第藩,赵孟军,张水昌.塔里木盆地满加尔油气系统下古生界油源油中蜡质烃来源的成因分析[J].沉积学报,1997,15(2):6-13.
[12]殷纯嘏,张昀,姜乃煌.贵州瓮安新元古代陡山沱组磷块岩中的有机化合物[J].北京大学学报(自然科学版),1999,35(4):509-517.
[13]尹崇玉,柳永清,高林志,等.震旦(伊迪卡拉)纪早期磷酸盐化生物群:瓮安生物群特征及其环境演化[M].北京:地质出版社,2007.
[14]王玉华,侯启军,孙德君,等.柴达木盆地北缘地区中新生代地层油气生成与资源评价[M].北京:科学出版社,2004.
[15]王启军,陈建渝.油气地球化学[M].北京:中国地质大学出版社,1988.
[16]陈义才,沈忠民,罗小平.石油与天然气有机地球化学[M].北京:科学出版社,2007.
[17]AMANE W,HIDEKI N.Geochemical characteristics ofterrigenous-and marine-sourced oils in Hokkaido,Japan[J].Organic Geochemistry,1998,28(1-2):27-41.
[18]SEIFERT W K,MOLDOWAN J M.Applications of steranes,terpanes and monoaromatics to the maturation,migration andsource of crude oils[J].Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta,1978,42(1):77-95.
[19]KOLACZKOWSKA E,SHOUGUI N E,WATT D S,et al.Thermodynamic stability of various alkylated,dealkylated andrear ranged 17α-and 17β-hopane isomers using molecularmachanics calculations[J].Organic Geochemistry,1990,16(4-6):1033-1038.
[20]HUANG W Y,MEINSCHEIN W G.Sterols as ecologicalindicators[J].Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta,1979,43(5):739-745.
[21]陈世加,王廷栋,黄清德,等.C29甾烷成熟度指标的"倒转"及其地质意义[J].天然气地球科学,1997,8(1):28-30.
[22]郝诒纯,茅绍智.微体古生物学教程[M].武汉:中国地质大学出版社,1989.
[23]孟凡巍,周传明,燕夔,等.通过C27/C29甾烷和有机碳同位素来判断早古生代和前寒武纪的烃源岩的生物来源[J].微体古生物学报,2006,23(1):51-56.
[24]DIDYK B M,SIMONEIT B R T,BRASSELL S C,et al.Organic geochemical indicators of paleoenvironmental conditionsof sedimentation[J].Nature,1978,272:216-222.
[25]VOLKMAN J K.A review of sterol markers for marine andterrigenous organic matter[J].Organic Geochemistry,1986,9(3):83-99.
[26]TEN HAVEN H L,DE LEEUW J W,RULLKOTTER J,et al.Restricted utility of the pristane/phytane ratio as a palaeoenviron-mental indicator[J].Nature,1987,330:641-643.
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