贵州草海沉积物纤维素氧同位素研究及其古环境意义
摘要
纤维素在湖泊沉积过程中不易发生分解,故其稳定同位素组成能真实地反映原始环境信息。本文在建立一套有效的四阶段(酸洗、碱洗、漂白及碱洗)湖泊沉积物纤维素提取基础上,成功测定了近500年草海沉积物纤维素氧同位素组成。草海纤维素氧同位素组成与董哥洞石笋恢复的降雨量的一致性变化表明纤维素氧同位素主要反映湖水氧同位素组成,进而指示了湖区降雨量变化。
Cellulose is difficult to degrade in the lake deposits,and its isotopic composition can truly reflect the original environmental information.On the basis of the cellulose extraction method including acid washing,alkaline washing,bleaching and also alkaline washing,we have successfully measured the oxygen isotopic composition of cellulose in organic matter from Lake Caohai sediments in the past 500 years.The good agreement between δ18O values of cellulose at Lake Caohai and precipitation variations reconstructed from Dongge Cave suggests that the δ18O values of cellulose can be used to deduce the δ18O values of lake water,thus reflecting the precipitation variations.
Cellulose is difficult to degrade in the lake deposits,and its isotopic composition can truly reflect the original environmental information.On the basis of the cellulose extraction method including acid washing,alkaline washing,bleaching and also alkaline washing,we have successfully measured the oxygen isotopic composition of cellulose in organic matter from Lake Caohai sediments in the past 500 years.The good agreement between δ18O values of cellulose at Lake Caohai and precipitation variations reconstructed from Dongge Cave suggests that the δ18O values of cellulose can be used to deduce the δ18O values of lake water,thus reflecting the precipitation variations.
引文
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[2]Urey H C.The thermodynamic properties of isotopic substances[J].Journal of Chemical Society,1947,108:562-581.
[3]Epstein S,Bushbaum R,Lowestam H A,et al.Revised carbonate-water isotopic temperature scale[J].Geological Soci-ety of America Bulletin,1953,62:417-426.
[4]Sauer P E,Miller G Hand Overpeck J T.Oxygenisotope ratios of organic matter in arctic lakes as a paleoclimatic prox-y:field and laboratory investigations[J].Journal of Paleolimnology,2001,25:43-64.
[5]Craig H.The measurement of oxygenisotope palaeotemperatures[A].In:Tongiorgi E(Ed.),Stable Isotopes in Ocea-nographic Studies and Palaeotemperatures[C].Pisa,Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche Laboratorio di Geologia Nucle-are,1965:161-182.
[6]Anderson L,Abbott MBand Finney B P.Holocene climateinferred fromoxygenisotope ratioinlake sediments,central brooks range,Alaska[J].Quaternary Research,2001,55:313-321.
[7]Teranes J Land McKenzie J A.Lacustrine oxygenisotope record of20th century climate changein central Europe:Eval-uation of climatic controls on oxygenisotope in precipitation[J].Journal of Paleolimnology,2001,26:131-146.
[8]Leng MJ and Marshall J D.Palaeoclimateinterpretation of stableisotope data fromlake sediment archives[J].Quaterna-ry Science Reviews,2004,23:811-831.
[9]Xu H,Ai L,Tan L C,et al.Stable isotopes in bulk carbonates and organic matter in recent sediments of Lake Qinghai and their climatic implications[J].Chemical Geology,2006,235:262-275.
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[12]Henderson A C G,Hol mes J A.Palaeolimnological evidence for environmental change over the past millenniumfrom Lake Qinghai sediments:Areviewandfuture research prospective[J].Quaternary International,2009,194:134-147.
[13]Lister G S,Kelts K,Chen K Z,et al.Lake Qinghai,China:closed-basinlake levels and the oxygenisotope record for ostracod since the latest Pleistocene[J].Palaeogeography,Palaeoclimatology,Palaeoecology,1991,84:141-162.
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[15]Edwards T WD,McAndrews J H.Paleohydrology of a Canadian Shield lake inferred fromδ18Oin sediment cellulose[J].Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences,1989,26:1850-1859.
[16]陈毅凤,万国江.泸沽湖沉积物α纤维素的提取及其稳定碳同位素研究初探.地质地球化学,1999,4(27):72-76.
[17]Wolfe B B,Edwards T WD,Aravena R.Rapid Holocene hydrologic change along boreal treeline revealed byδ13C andδ18Oin organic lake sediments,Northwest Territories,Canada[J].Journal of Paleolimnology,1996,15:171-181.
[18]Wolfe B B and Edwards T WD.Hydrologic control on the oxygen-isotope relation between sediment cellulose and lake water,western Taimyr Peninsula,Russia:Implications for the use of surface-sediment calibrations in paleolimnology[J].Journal of Paleolimnology,1997,18:283-291.
[19]Wolfe B B,Edwards T WD and Duthie H C.A6000-year record of interaction between Hamilton Harbour and Lake Ontario:Quantitative assesement of recent hydrologic disturbance using13Cinlake sediments cellulose[J].Aquatic E-cosystem Health and Management,2000b,3:47-54.
[20]Wolfe B B,Edwards T WD,Aravena R,et al.Holocene paleohydrology and paleoclimate at treeline,north-central Russia,inferred fromoxygenisotope records inlake sediment cellulose[J].Quaternary Research,2000a,53:319-329.
[21]Wolfe B B,Aravena R,Abbott MB,et al.Reconstruction of paleohydrology and paleohumidity from oxygen isotope records in the Bolivian Andes[J].Palaeogeography,Palaeoclimatology,Palaeoecology,2001,176:177-160.
[22]Wolfe B B,Falcone M D,Edwards T WD.Cellulose extraction fromlake sediments for18O/16O and13C/12C analysis[M].Technical Procedure28.0.University of Waterloo,Waterloo.2005.
[23]Wolfe B B,Falcone M D,Clogg-wright K P,et al.Progress in isotope paleohydrology using lake sediment cellulose[J].Journal of Paleolimnology,2007,37:221-231.
[24]Edwards T WD,Buhay W M,Elgood RJ,et al.Animproved nickel-tube pyrolysis methodfor oxygenisotope analysis of organic matter and water[J].Chemical Geology,1994,114:179-183.
[25]Sauer P E and Sternberg L S L.Improved method for the determination of oxygenisotopic composition of cellulose[J].Analytical Chemistry,1994,66:2409-2411.
[26]Green J W.Wood cellulose[M].New York:Academic Press,1963,9-20.
[27]Yapp C J and Epstein S.Areexamination of cellulose carbon-bound hydrogenδD measurements and some factors affect-ing plant-water D/Hrelationships[J].Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta,1982,46:955-965.
[28]Sternberg L S L,DeNiro MJ and Johnson H B.Isotope ratios of cellulose from plants having different photosynthetic pathways[J].Plant Physiology,1984,74:557-561.
[29]朱正杰,陈敬安.湖泊沉积物α-纤维素提取方法[J].沉积学报,2009,27(3):36-39.
[30]Yuan D X,Cheng Hand Edwards R L,et al.Timing,duration and transition of the last interglacial Asian Monsoon.Science[J],2004,304:575-578.
[31]Wang YJ,Cheng H,Edwards R L,et al.The Holocene Asian Monsoon:Links to solar changes and North Atlantic climate[J].Science,2005,308:854-857.
[32]王苏民,窦鸿声.中国湖泊志[M].北京:科学出版社,1998.
[33]朱正杰.湖泊沉积物碳氧同位素和介形虫Li/Ca比值与古环境重建[D].中国科学院地球化学所博士论文,2009.
[34]Meyers P A.Organic geochemical proxies of paleoceanographic,paleolimnologic,and paleoclimatic processes.Organic Geochemistry,1997,27:213-250.
[35]Meyers P Aand Ishi watari R.Lacustrine organic geochemistry—an overviewof indicators of organic matter sources and diagenesis in lake sediments.Organic Geochemistry,1993,20:867-900.
[36]Rapid20th century environmental change on northeastern Baffin Island,Arctic Canada inferred froma multi-proxy la-custrine record[J].Journal of Paleolimnology,2008,40:507-517.
[37]Zhu Z J,Chen J A,Zeng Y,et al.Research of carbon isotope composition of organic matter from Lake Chenghai and Caohai sediments[J].Chinese Journal of Geochemistry,in press.
[38]Epstein S,Thompson P and Yapp C J.Oxygen and hydrogenisotopic ratios in plant cellulose[J].Science,1977,198:1209-1215.
[39]DeNiro MJ and Epstein S.Isotopic composition of cellulose fromaquatic organisms[J].Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta,1981,45:1885-1894.
[40]Yakir D.Variations in the natural abundance of oxygen-18and deuteriumin plant carbohydrates[J].Plant Cell and En-vironment,1992,15:1005-1020.
[41]Abbott MB,Wolfe B B,Aravena R,et al.Holocene hydrological reconstructions fromstable isotopes and palaeolim-nology,Cordillera Real,Bolivia[J].Quaternary Science Reviews,2000,19:1801-1820.
[42]Benuing K R M,Anderson W.Calibration of the oxygenisotopefractionationfactor during cellulose synthesisin aquatic algae and plants of tropical East Africa[A].San Francisco,California,American Geophsical Union,Abstracts,1998:47.
[43]Aucour A M,Marcel C H,Bonnefille R.Oxygenisotopes in cellulose from modern and Quaternary intertropical peat-bogs:implications for palaeohydrology[J].Chemical Geology,1996,129:341-359.
[44]Dansgaard W.Stable isotopes in precipitation[J].Tellus,1964,16:436-468.
[45]罗维均,王世杰,刘秀明.中国大气降水δ18O区域特征及其对古气候研究的意义[J].地球与环境,2008,36(1):47-55.
[46]郑淑惠,侯发高,倪葆龄.我国大气降水的氢氧同位素研究[J].科学通报,1983,28(13):801-806.
[47]IAEA/WMO.Global networkfor isotopes in precipitation[W].1998,www.iaea.org/programs/ri/gnip/gnipmain.htm.
[48]张美良,程海,林玉石.贵州荔波地区2000年来石笋高分辨率的气候记录[J].沉积学报,2006,24:339-348.
[2]Urey H C.The thermodynamic properties of isotopic substances[J].Journal of Chemical Society,1947,108:562-581.
[3]Epstein S,Bushbaum R,Lowestam H A,et al.Revised carbonate-water isotopic temperature scale[J].Geological Soci-ety of America Bulletin,1953,62:417-426.
[4]Sauer P E,Miller G Hand Overpeck J T.Oxygenisotope ratios of organic matter in arctic lakes as a paleoclimatic prox-y:field and laboratory investigations[J].Journal of Paleolimnology,2001,25:43-64.
[5]Craig H.The measurement of oxygenisotope palaeotemperatures[A].In:Tongiorgi E(Ed.),Stable Isotopes in Ocea-nographic Studies and Palaeotemperatures[C].Pisa,Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche Laboratorio di Geologia Nucle-are,1965:161-182.
[6]Anderson L,Abbott MBand Finney B P.Holocene climateinferred fromoxygenisotope ratioinlake sediments,central brooks range,Alaska[J].Quaternary Research,2001,55:313-321.
[7]Teranes J Land McKenzie J A.Lacustrine oxygenisotope record of20th century climate changein central Europe:Eval-uation of climatic controls on oxygenisotope in precipitation[J].Journal of Paleolimnology,2001,26:131-146.
[8]Leng MJ and Marshall J D.Palaeoclimateinterpretation of stableisotope data fromlake sediment archives[J].Quaterna-ry Science Reviews,2004,23:811-831.
[9]Xu H,Ai L,Tan L C,et al.Stable isotopes in bulk carbonates and organic matter in recent sediments of Lake Qinghai and their climatic implications[J].Chemical Geology,2006,235:262-275.
[10]Lamb H F,Leng MJ,Telford RJ,et al.Oxygen and carbonisotope composition of authigenic carbonate froman Ethi-opian lake:a climate record of the last2000years[J].The Holocene,2007,17(4):515-524.
[11]Rosqvist G C,Leng MJ and Jonsson C.North Atlantic region at mospheric circulation dynamics inferred from a late-Holocene lacustrine carbonate isotope record,northern Swedish Lapland[J].The Holocene,2007,17:867-873.
[12]Henderson A C G,Hol mes J A.Palaeolimnological evidence for environmental change over the past millenniumfrom Lake Qinghai sediments:Areviewandfuture research prospective[J].Quaternary International,2009,194:134-147.
[13]Lister G S,Kelts K,Chen K Z,et al.Lake Qinghai,China:closed-basinlake levels and the oxygenisotope record for ostracod since the latest Pleistocene[J].Palaeogeography,Palaeoclimatology,Palaeoecology,1991,84:141-162.
[14]Bourbonniere R A,Meyers P A.Characterization of sedimentary humic matter by alkaline hydrolysis[J].Organic Geo-chemistry,1983,5:131-142.
[15]Edwards T WD,McAndrews J H.Paleohydrology of a Canadian Shield lake inferred fromδ18Oin sediment cellulose[J].Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences,1989,26:1850-1859.
[16]陈毅凤,万国江.泸沽湖沉积物α纤维素的提取及其稳定碳同位素研究初探.地质地球化学,1999,4(27):72-76.
[17]Wolfe B B,Edwards T WD,Aravena R.Rapid Holocene hydrologic change along boreal treeline revealed byδ13C andδ18Oin organic lake sediments,Northwest Territories,Canada[J].Journal of Paleolimnology,1996,15:171-181.
[18]Wolfe B B and Edwards T WD.Hydrologic control on the oxygen-isotope relation between sediment cellulose and lake water,western Taimyr Peninsula,Russia:Implications for the use of surface-sediment calibrations in paleolimnology[J].Journal of Paleolimnology,1997,18:283-291.
[19]Wolfe B B,Edwards T WD and Duthie H C.A6000-year record of interaction between Hamilton Harbour and Lake Ontario:Quantitative assesement of recent hydrologic disturbance using13Cinlake sediments cellulose[J].Aquatic E-cosystem Health and Management,2000b,3:47-54.
[20]Wolfe B B,Edwards T WD,Aravena R,et al.Holocene paleohydrology and paleoclimate at treeline,north-central Russia,inferred fromoxygenisotope records inlake sediment cellulose[J].Quaternary Research,2000a,53:319-329.
[21]Wolfe B B,Aravena R,Abbott MB,et al.Reconstruction of paleohydrology and paleohumidity from oxygen isotope records in the Bolivian Andes[J].Palaeogeography,Palaeoclimatology,Palaeoecology,2001,176:177-160.
[22]Wolfe B B,Falcone M D,Edwards T WD.Cellulose extraction fromlake sediments for18O/16O and13C/12C analysis[M].Technical Procedure28.0.University of Waterloo,Waterloo.2005.
[23]Wolfe B B,Falcone M D,Clogg-wright K P,et al.Progress in isotope paleohydrology using lake sediment cellulose[J].Journal of Paleolimnology,2007,37:221-231.
[24]Edwards T WD,Buhay W M,Elgood RJ,et al.Animproved nickel-tube pyrolysis methodfor oxygenisotope analysis of organic matter and water[J].Chemical Geology,1994,114:179-183.
[25]Sauer P E and Sternberg L S L.Improved method for the determination of oxygenisotopic composition of cellulose[J].Analytical Chemistry,1994,66:2409-2411.
[26]Green J W.Wood cellulose[M].New York:Academic Press,1963,9-20.
[27]Yapp C J and Epstein S.Areexamination of cellulose carbon-bound hydrogenδD measurements and some factors affect-ing plant-water D/Hrelationships[J].Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta,1982,46:955-965.
[28]Sternberg L S L,DeNiro MJ and Johnson H B.Isotope ratios of cellulose from plants having different photosynthetic pathways[J].Plant Physiology,1984,74:557-561.
[29]朱正杰,陈敬安.湖泊沉积物α-纤维素提取方法[J].沉积学报,2009,27(3):36-39.
[30]Yuan D X,Cheng Hand Edwards R L,et al.Timing,duration and transition of the last interglacial Asian Monsoon.Science[J],2004,304:575-578.
[31]Wang YJ,Cheng H,Edwards R L,et al.The Holocene Asian Monsoon:Links to solar changes and North Atlantic climate[J].Science,2005,308:854-857.
[32]王苏民,窦鸿声.中国湖泊志[M].北京:科学出版社,1998.
[33]朱正杰.湖泊沉积物碳氧同位素和介形虫Li/Ca比值与古环境重建[D].中国科学院地球化学所博士论文,2009.
[34]Meyers P A.Organic geochemical proxies of paleoceanographic,paleolimnologic,and paleoclimatic processes.Organic Geochemistry,1997,27:213-250.
[35]Meyers P Aand Ishi watari R.Lacustrine organic geochemistry—an overviewof indicators of organic matter sources and diagenesis in lake sediments.Organic Geochemistry,1993,20:867-900.
[36]Rapid20th century environmental change on northeastern Baffin Island,Arctic Canada inferred froma multi-proxy la-custrine record[J].Journal of Paleolimnology,2008,40:507-517.
[37]Zhu Z J,Chen J A,Zeng Y,et al.Research of carbon isotope composition of organic matter from Lake Chenghai and Caohai sediments[J].Chinese Journal of Geochemistry,in press.
[38]Epstein S,Thompson P and Yapp C J.Oxygen and hydrogenisotopic ratios in plant cellulose[J].Science,1977,198:1209-1215.
[39]DeNiro MJ and Epstein S.Isotopic composition of cellulose fromaquatic organisms[J].Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta,1981,45:1885-1894.
[40]Yakir D.Variations in the natural abundance of oxygen-18and deuteriumin plant carbohydrates[J].Plant Cell and En-vironment,1992,15:1005-1020.
[41]Abbott MB,Wolfe B B,Aravena R,et al.Holocene hydrological reconstructions fromstable isotopes and palaeolim-nology,Cordillera Real,Bolivia[J].Quaternary Science Reviews,2000,19:1801-1820.
[42]Benuing K R M,Anderson W.Calibration of the oxygenisotopefractionationfactor during cellulose synthesisin aquatic algae and plants of tropical East Africa[A].San Francisco,California,American Geophsical Union,Abstracts,1998:47.
[43]Aucour A M,Marcel C H,Bonnefille R.Oxygenisotopes in cellulose from modern and Quaternary intertropical peat-bogs:implications for palaeohydrology[J].Chemical Geology,1996,129:341-359.
[44]Dansgaard W.Stable isotopes in precipitation[J].Tellus,1964,16:436-468.
[45]罗维均,王世杰,刘秀明.中国大气降水δ18O区域特征及其对古气候研究的意义[J].地球与环境,2008,36(1):47-55.
[46]郑淑惠,侯发高,倪葆龄.我国大气降水的氢氧同位素研究[J].科学通报,1983,28(13):801-806.
[47]IAEA/WMO.Global networkfor isotopes in precipitation[W].1998,www.iaea.org/programs/ri/gnip/gnipmain.htm.
[48]张美良,程海,林玉石.贵州荔波地区2000年来石笋高分辨率的气候记录[J].沉积学报,2006,24:339-348.
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