江苏省职业性铅接触人群体内铅超标情况调查
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摘要
目的:为掌握职业性铅中毒的发病特点、规律和趋势,制定相应对策,遏制职业性铅中毒的高发势头,对本省14家企业中962名铅接触人员体内铅超标情况进行了调查。方法:根据有关规范和标准,采集空气样本并检测空气中铅浓度,计算时间加权平均浓度(TWA),检测血铅与尿铅。结果:生产岗位空气中铅浓度不合格率9.76%,不合格岗位TWA为0.066~1.400mg/m3。不合格岗位主要为蓄电池生产企业中制粉、灌粉、涂片、封底、球磨等岗位。962人铅接触者生物样品检测超标255人,占26.51%。随着岗位TWA水平的增加,工人生物样品中铅浓度超标率亦随之上升,其组间铅浓度超标率差异经似然比χ2检验,具有统计学意义(G=97.65,P<0.01)。结论:江苏省职业性铅接触造成从业人群体内铅超标情况较为严重,随着铅接触岗位空气中铅尘浓度的增加,铅职业接触者生物样品中铅水平超标率明显升高,存在一定的剂量?反应关系。对此政府、企业、防治机构及从业人员均应采取相应措施,以减轻其危害。
Objective:To study the clinical features,the law and the incidence trend of occupational lead poisoning,and to provide scientific strategy to contain tendency of the high incidence of occupational lead poisoning,the exceeding standard in vivo in 962 occupational lead exposure workers in 14 enterprises were investigated in Jiangsu province.Methods: According to the norms and standards,air samples was collected and measured the lead concentration in air,calculated the time weighted average concentration(TWA),detected the lead concentration in blood and in urine.Results: Excessive rate of lead concentration of the air were 9.76%,TWA of excessive posts were from 0.066 to 1.400mg/m3.Excessive posts were milling,powder filling,smearing,back covering,ball milling and so on.There were 255 persons'biological samples lead concentrations exceeding,out of 962 persons.The exceeding standard rate was 26.51%.With the increase of the lead-dust TWA concentration in different lead-exposure posts,the exceeding standard rates of lead concentration of biological samples were increased.The difference was significant by likelihood Chi-square test(G=97.65,P<0.01).Conclusion: The situation of exceeding standard in vivo in occupational lead exposure groups was serious in Jiangsu province.With the increase of the lead-dust TWA concentration in different lead-exposure posts,the exceeding standard rates of lead concentration of biological samples were increased.A dose-response relationship was observed between TWA and the exceeding standard rates of lead concentration of biological samples.So the government,enterprises,prevention and control institutions and practitioners should take appropriate measures to mitigate the harm.
Objective:To study the clinical features,the law and the incidence trend of occupational lead poisoning,and to provide scientific strategy to contain tendency of the high incidence of occupational lead poisoning,the exceeding standard in vivo in 962 occupational lead exposure workers in 14 enterprises were investigated in Jiangsu province.Methods: According to the norms and standards,air samples was collected and measured the lead concentration in air,calculated the time weighted average concentration(TWA),detected the lead concentration in blood and in urine.Results: Excessive rate of lead concentration of the air were 9.76%,TWA of excessive posts were from 0.066 to 1.400mg/m3.Excessive posts were milling,powder filling,smearing,back covering,ball milling and so on.There were 255 persons'biological samples lead concentrations exceeding,out of 962 persons.The exceeding standard rate was 26.51%.With the increase of the lead-dust TWA concentration in different lead-exposure posts,the exceeding standard rates of lead concentration of biological samples were increased.The difference was significant by likelihood Chi-square test(G=97.65,P<0.01).Conclusion: The situation of exceeding standard in vivo in occupational lead exposure groups was serious in Jiangsu province.With the increase of the lead-dust TWA concentration in different lead-exposure posts,the exceeding standard rates of lead concentration of biological samples were increased.A dose-response relationship was observed between TWA and the exceeding standard rates of lead concentration of biological samples.So the government,enterprises,prevention and control institutions and practitioners should take appropriate measures to mitigate the harm.
引文
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[5]WS/T 18—1996,尿中铅的石墨炉原子吸收光谱测定方法[S].北京:中国标准出版社,1996.
[6]GBZ 37—2002,职业性慢性铅中毒诊断标准[S].北京:中国标准出版社,2002.
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[9]张恒东,龚伟,张力.一起铅超标案例现场调查报告[J].中国现代医生,2009,47(36):81-82.
[10]张巧耘,朱宝立,张恒东,等.企业职工824名职业健康知识认知及需求情况[J].中华劳动卫生职业病杂志,2009,27(12):762-763.
[2]GBZ/T 160.10—2004,工作场所空气有毒物质测定/铅及其化合物[S].北京:中国标准出版社,2004.
[3]GBZ 2.1—2007,工作场所有害因素职业接触限值/第1部分:化学有害因素[S].北京:中国标准出版社,2007.
[4]WS/T 174—1999,血中铅、镉的石墨炉原子吸收光谱测定方法[S].北京:中国标准出版社,1999.
[5]WS/T 18—1996,尿中铅的石墨炉原子吸收光谱测定方法[S].北京:中国标准出版社,1996.
[6]GBZ 37—2002,职业性慢性铅中毒诊断标准[S].北京:中国标准出版社,2002.
[7]黄信有,吴新忠,李朝晖,等.某市蓄电池企业职业病危害现状调查[J].中国职业医学,2007,34(3):254-255.
[8]金泰廙,孙贵范,王生,等.职业卫生与职业医学[M].第5版,北京:人民卫生出版社,2006:167-170.
[9]张恒东,龚伟,张力.一起铅超标案例现场调查报告[J].中国现代医生,2009,47(36):81-82.
[10]张巧耘,朱宝立,张恒东,等.企业职工824名职业健康知识认知及需求情况[J].中华劳动卫生职业病杂志,2009,27(12):762-763.
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