安徽北部农村地区地下水重金属健康风险评价
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摘要
为了解安徽北部农村地区地下水重金属污染对人类健康产生危害的风险,采集了26个农村地下水样品,测试分析了Mn、Zn、Cu、Pb、Ni、Cr和Cd七种重金属,并采用美国环境保护局(USEPA)推荐的风险评价模型对健康风险进行了初步评价。结果表明:非致癌污染物Mn、Zn、Cu、Pb和Ni的平均个人年风险分别为1.21×10~(-10)a~(-1)、8.46×10~(-11)a~(-1)、2.93×10~(-10)a~(-1)、8.29×10~(-10)a~(-1)和2.89×10~(-10)a~(-1),均远低于国际辐射防护委员会(ICRP)推荐的最大可接受值(5.0×10~(-5)a~(-1))和USEPA推荐的健康风险等级标准(1×10~(-4)a~(-1)),基本不会对暴露人群构成明显危害;致癌污染物Cd和Cr饮水途径健康危害平均个人年风险分别为1.44×10~(-6)a~(-1)和1.93×10~(-5)a~(-1),超出瑞典环境保护署、荷兰建设与环境部和英国皇家协会推荐标准(1×10~(-6)a~(-1)),Cr甚至超出19倍,为研究区首要污染物,应引起环境卫生部门的重视。
To understand the risk of heavy metal pollution in the groundwater on human health in the northern rural area,Anhui Province,we have collected 26 groundwater samples,and analyzed seven heavy metals,including Mn,Zn,Cu,Pb,Ni,Cr and Cd.Moreover,a preliminary assessment on health risk has been done by using the risk assessment model recommended by the United States Environment Protection Agency(USEPA).The results show that the average personal annual risk of non-carcinogenic pollutants(Mn,Zn,Cu,Pb and Ni) are 1.21×10~(-10)a~(-1),8.46×10~(-11)a~(-1),2.93×10~(-10)a~(-1),8.29×10~(-10)a~(-1) and2.89×10~(-10) a~(-1) respectively,which are much lower than the maximum acceptable value(5.0×10~(-5)a~(-1))recommended by the International Commission on Radiological Protection(ICRP) and the health risk level standard(1×10~(-4)a~(-1)) recommended by the USEPA,therefore,basically no evident harm will be made to the exposed population;while the average personal annual risk of carcinogenic pollutants(Cd and Cr) via ways of drinking water are 1.44×10~(-6) a~(-1) and 1.93×10~(-5) a~(-1),which are beyond the standard(1×10~(-6)a~(-1)) recommended by the Swedish Environmental Protection Agency,the Dutch Ministry of Construction and Environment and the British Royal Society.Especially Cr,which is 19 times exceeded,and is taken as the primary pollutant in research area.So the local environmental health department should pay great attention to it.
To understand the risk of heavy metal pollution in the groundwater on human health in the northern rural area,Anhui Province,we have collected 26 groundwater samples,and analyzed seven heavy metals,including Mn,Zn,Cu,Pb,Ni,Cr and Cd.Moreover,a preliminary assessment on health risk has been done by using the risk assessment model recommended by the United States Environment Protection Agency(USEPA).The results show that the average personal annual risk of non-carcinogenic pollutants(Mn,Zn,Cu,Pb and Ni) are 1.21×10~(-10)a~(-1),8.46×10~(-11)a~(-1),2.93×10~(-10)a~(-1),8.29×10~(-10)a~(-1) and2.89×10~(-10) a~(-1) respectively,which are much lower than the maximum acceptable value(5.0×10~(-5)a~(-1))recommended by the International Commission on Radiological Protection(ICRP) and the health risk level standard(1×10~(-4)a~(-1)) recommended by the USEPA,therefore,basically no evident harm will be made to the exposed population;while the average personal annual risk of carcinogenic pollutants(Cd and Cr) via ways of drinking water are 1.44×10~(-6) a~(-1) and 1.93×10~(-5) a~(-1),which are beyond the standard(1×10~(-6)a~(-1)) recommended by the Swedish Environmental Protection Agency,the Dutch Ministry of Construction and Environment and the British Royal Society.Especially Cr,which is 19 times exceeded,and is taken as the primary pollutant in research area.So the local environmental health department should pay great attention to it.
引文
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田裘学.1997.健康风险评价的基本内容与方法[J].甘肃环境研究与监测10(4):32-36.[Tian Q X.1997.The basic contents and methods of health risk assessment[J].Gansu Environmental Study and Monitoring,10(4):32-36.]
吴兴让,尹平河,李松涛,等.2010.珠江广州段微表层和次表层水中重金属分布与风险的初步评价[J].暨南大学学报(自然科学版)31(1):85-88.[Wu X R,Yin P H,Li S T,et al.2010.Health rise assessment of heavy metals in the water of surface and subsurface microlayers from Guangzhou section Pearl River[J].Journal of Tinan University(Natural Science),31(1):85-88.]
余彬.2010.径惠渠灌区浅层地下水中重金属的健康风险评价[D].西安:长安大学.[Yu B.2010.Health rise assessmennt of heavy metals in groundwater in Jing/huiqu irrigation district[D].Xi'an:Chang'an University.]
曾光明,卓利,钟政林,等.1998.水环境健康风险评价模型[J].水科学进展,9(3):212-217.[Zeng G M,Zhuo L,Zhong Z L,et al.1998.Assessment models for water environmental health risk analysis[J].Advances in Water Science,9(3):212-217.]
张新钰,辛宝东,王晓红,等.2011.我国地下水污染研究进展[J].地球与环境,39(3):415-422.[Zhang X Y,Xin B D,Wang X H,et al.2011.Progress in research on groundwater pollution in our country[J].?art/i and Environment,39(3):415-422.]
中华人民共和国环境保护部.2011.全国地下水污染防治规划(2011—2020年)[R][Ministry of Environmental Protection of the People's Republic of China.2011.The groundwater pollution prevention plan(2011—2020)[R].]
中华人民共和国环境保护部.2014.2013中国环境状况公报[R].[Ministry of Environmental Protection of the People's Republic of China.2014.Chinese Communique of Environmental Conditions in 2013[R].]
安徽省统计局.2013.2012年安徽妇女发展报告[R].[Anhui Provincial Bureau of Statistics.2013.Development report of Anhui women in 2012[R].]
陈奔,王宪,汪立宜,等.2012.尤溪铅锌矿集区重金属污染健康风险评价研究[J].厦门大学学报(,自然科学版),51(2):245-251.[Chen B,Wang X,Wang L Y,et al.2012.Heavy metal contamination and health risk assessment in the Zinc mine set area of Youxi,China[J].Journal of Xiamen University(Natural Science),51(2):245-251.]
胡英,祁士华,张俊鹏,等.2010.我国桂林毛村地下河重金属健康风险评价[J].环境化学,29(3):392-396.[nu Y,Qi S H,Zhang J P,et al.2010.Health risk assessment of heavy metals in Maocun underground river of Guilin,China[J].Environmental Chemistry,29(3):392-396.]
黄奕龙,王仰麟,谭启宇,等.2006.城市饮用水源地水环境健康风险评价及风险管理[J].地学前缘,13(3):162-167.[Huang Y L,Wang Y L,Tan Q Y,et al.2006.Environmental health risk assessment and management for urban water supply sources[J].Earth Science Frontiers,13(3):162-167.]
季谭.2006-01-04.水利部公报:全国669座城市严重缺水110座[N].第一财经日报.[Ji T.2006-01-04.Ministry of Water Resources Communique:The country's699 cities had an acute shortage of water in 110 cities[N].First Financial Daily.]
姜林,钟茂生,贾晓洋,等.2012.基于地下水暴露途径的健康风险评价及修复案例研究[J].环境科学,33(10):3329-3335.[Jiang L,Zhong M S,Jia X X,et al.2012.Case study on groundwater health risk assessment and remediation strategy based on exposure pathway[J].Environmental Science,33(10):3329-3335.]
经济日报.2013-06-08.治理地下水污染刻不容缓[N].[Economic Daily.2013-06-08.Management of groundwater is urgently needed[N].]
罗凤基,罗振东,马亮,等.1995.呼和浩特西部地区黑河村居民富As饮水与恶性肿瘤发病关系的研究[J].中华流行病学杂志,16(5):289-291.[Luo F J,Luo Z D,Ma L,et al.1995.A study on relationship between drinking water with high Arsenic content and incidence of malignant tumour in Heihe village,westen part of Huhehot,inner Mongolia[J].Chinese Journal of Epidemiology,16(5):289-291.]
李祥平,齐剑英,陈永亨.2011.广州市主要研究水源中重金属健康风险的初步评价[J].环境科学学报,31(3):547-553.[Li X P,Qi J Y,Chen Y H.2011.Preliminary health risk assessment of heavy metals in the main drinking water sources of Guangzhou[J].Acta Scientiae Circumstantiae,31(3):547-553.]
秦雯雯,杨忠芳,侯青叶,等.2011.江西省鄱阳湖地区饮用水健康风险评价[J].现代地质,25(1):182-188.[Qin W W,Yang Z F,Hou Q Y,et al.2011.Health risk assessment of drinking water in Poyang Lake region in Jiangxi[J].GEO Science,25(1):182-188.]
孙超,陈振楼,张翠,等.2009.上海市主要饮用水源地水重金属健康风险初步评价[J].环境科学研究,22(1):60-65.[Sun C,Chen Z L,Zhang C,et al.2009.Health risk assessment of heavy metals in drinking water sources in Shanghai,China[J].Research of Environmental Sciences,22(1):60-65.]
田裘学.1997.健康风险评价的基本内容与方法[J].甘肃环境研究与监测10(4):32-36.[Tian Q X.1997.The basic contents and methods of health risk assessment[J].Gansu Environmental Study and Monitoring,10(4):32-36.]
吴兴让,尹平河,李松涛,等.2010.珠江广州段微表层和次表层水中重金属分布与风险的初步评价[J].暨南大学学报(自然科学版)31(1):85-88.[Wu X R,Yin P H,Li S T,et al.2010.Health rise assessment of heavy metals in the water of surface and subsurface microlayers from Guangzhou section Pearl River[J].Journal of Tinan University(Natural Science),31(1):85-88.]
余彬.2010.径惠渠灌区浅层地下水中重金属的健康风险评价[D].西安:长安大学.[Yu B.2010.Health rise assessmennt of heavy metals in groundwater in Jing/huiqu irrigation district[D].Xi'an:Chang'an University.]
曾光明,卓利,钟政林,等.1998.水环境健康风险评价模型[J].水科学进展,9(3):212-217.[Zeng G M,Zhuo L,Zhong Z L,et al.1998.Assessment models for water environmental health risk analysis[J].Advances in Water Science,9(3):212-217.]
张新钰,辛宝东,王晓红,等.2011.我国地下水污染研究进展[J].地球与环境,39(3):415-422.[Zhang X Y,Xin B D,Wang X H,et al.2011.Progress in research on groundwater pollution in our country[J].?art/i and Environment,39(3):415-422.]
中华人民共和国环境保护部.2011.全国地下水污染防治规划(2011—2020年)[R][Ministry of Environmental Protection of the People's Republic of China.2011.The groundwater pollution prevention plan(2011—2020)[R].]
中华人民共和国环境保护部.2014.2013中国环境状况公报[R].[Ministry of Environmental Protection of the People's Republic of China.2014.Chinese Communique of Environmental Conditions in 2013[R].]
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