基于Landsat TM5影像的云南楚雄市城市热岛效应研究
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摘要
城市化强烈的改变着地表覆被和地表热环境,形成了明显的城市热岛效应。使用3期Landsat TM5第6波段数据和适时气象资料,在Erdas的Modeler模块下建立单窗算法模型反演地表温度,并结合气象年鉴等资料研究近20年来楚雄市城市热岛效应特征。1989年1月,城郊建筑区均温相差0.50℃。1999年12月,城郊建筑区均温相差1.10℃,新城区建筑温度比老城区高0.70℃。2007年3月,城郊建筑均温相差1.35℃,新城建筑区温度比老城区高0.10℃。1989~2007年,楚雄市城市热岛强度逐渐增大,新老城区温度差异逐渐缩小,城郊温度差异逐渐增大,老城区温度逐渐升高;城市高温区由原来的城区普遍高温变为老城区西边部分和工业区两大部分;楚雄市城市高温区受人类活动、地形和工业发展影响比较明显;低温区由原来的城区零星分布变为沿龙川江分布,水体、绿地对城市气温的调节作用明显。
Urbanization changed the land cover and ground hot environment deeply,as a result,the urban heat island effect became more and more obvious. The urban heat island effect of Chuxiong City in recent 20 years was discussed,based on the land surface temperature that retrieved from 3 band 6 data of Landsat TM5 images and real-time meteorological data at the satelite pass and recent year-book using Mono-window algorithm model in the spatial modeler of Erdas Imagine. In January of 1989,the temperature of urban building area was 0.50 ℃ higher than suburb. In December of 1999,the temperature of urban building area was 1.10 ℃ higher than that of suburb and the building area temperature of new town was 0.70 ℃ higher than that of old town. In March of 2007,the temperature of urban area was 1.35 ℃ higher than that of suburb and the temperature of new town was 0.10 ℃ higher than that of old town. From 1989 to 2007,urban heat island intensity become larger,temperature difference of new town and old town reduced but urban area and suburb increased,old city temperature gradually increased. The city high-temperature zone changed from town generally high to the west of old town and industrial area. Urdan high-temperature zone significantly affected by human activities,topography and industry development. Low-temperature zone changed from sporadic urban distribution to along with Longchuan River distribution. The water and green land had great contributions to the adjustment of urban temperature.
Urbanization changed the land cover and ground hot environment deeply,as a result,the urban heat island effect became more and more obvious. The urban heat island effect of Chuxiong City in recent 20 years was discussed,based on the land surface temperature that retrieved from 3 band 6 data of Landsat TM5 images and real-time meteorological data at the satelite pass and recent year-book using Mono-window algorithm model in the spatial modeler of Erdas Imagine. In January of 1989,the temperature of urban building area was 0.50 ℃ higher than suburb. In December of 1999,the temperature of urban building area was 1.10 ℃ higher than that of suburb and the building area temperature of new town was 0.70 ℃ higher than that of old town. In March of 2007,the temperature of urban area was 1.35 ℃ higher than that of suburb and the temperature of new town was 0.10 ℃ higher than that of old town. From 1989 to 2007,urban heat island intensity become larger,temperature difference of new town and old town reduced but urban area and suburb increased,old city temperature gradually increased. The city high-temperature zone changed from town generally high to the west of old town and industrial area. Urdan high-temperature zone significantly affected by human activities,topography and industry development. Low-temperature zone changed from sporadic urban distribution to along with Longchuan River distribution. The water and green land had great contributions to the adjustment of urban temperature.
引文
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[22]覃志豪,李文娟,徐斌,等.陆地卫星TM6波段范围内地表比辐射率的估计[J].国土资源遥感,2004,61(3):28-32.
[23]易佳,田永中,高阳华,等.基于RS的山地城市热岛效应及其与土地覆被变化关系研究———以重庆市主城区为例[J].云南师范大学学报,2008,28(6):62-69.
[24]李成范,刘岚.山地城市热岛效应的遥感研究———以重庆市北碚区为例[J].测绘工程,2009,18(1):45-49.
[25]李文亮,张丽娟,陈红,等.哈尔滨市城市扩展与地表热环境变化关系研究[J].地域研究与开发,2010,29(2):49-52.
[26]史瑞华.通过绿化缓解城市热岛效应初探[J].山西林业,2008(1):34-35.
[27]赵志敏.城市化进程对城市热岛效应因子的对比分析[J].中国环境监测,2008,24(6):77-79.
[2]UNFP.The state of world population1999[M].NewYork:United Nations Publications,1999.
[3]朱家其,汤绪,江灏.上海市城区气温变化及城市热岛[J].高原气象,2006,25(6):1154-1160.
[4]易佳,田永中,高阳华,等.基于RS的山地城市热岛效应及其与土地覆被变化关系研究———以重庆市主城区为例[J].云南师范大学学报:自然科学版,2008(11):62-68.
[5]唐曦,束炯,乐群.基于遥感的上海城市热岛效应与植被的关系研究[J].华东师范大学学报:自然科学版,2008(1):119-127.
[6]穆海振,孔春燕,汤绪,等.上海气温变化及城市化影响初步分析[J].热带气象学报,2008,24(6):672-677.
[7]何萍,束炯,李宏波,等.楚雄市城市气候特征分析-兼谈中国主要城市热导强度对比分析[J].地理学报,2003,58(5):712-718.
[8]李庆祥,黄嘉佑,鞠晓慧.上海地区最高气温资料的恢复试验[J].热带气象学报,2008,24(4):349-353.
[9]GOETZ S J,HALTHORE R N,HALL F G.Surface Temperature retrieval in a temperature grassland withmulti-resolution sensors[J].Journal ofGe-ophysical Research,1995,100(D12):25397-25410.
[10]SOBRINOJ A,LI Z L,STOLLMP,et al.Multi-channel and multi-an-gle algorithms for estimatingsea and land surface temperature with ASTR data[J].International Journal of Remote Sensing,1996,17(11):2089-2114.
[11]GILLESPIEAR,ROKUGAWAS,HOOKS,etal.Atemperature and em-issivity separation algorithm for advanced spaceborne thermal emission and reflection radiometer(ASTER)images[J].IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing,1998,36:1113-1126.
[12]覃志豪,张明华,ARNONKARNIELI,等.用陆地卫星TM6数据演算地表温度的单窗算法[J].地理学报,2001,56(4):456-466.
[13]QINZ,KARNIELI A,BERLINER P.Amono-windowalgorithm for re-trievingland surface temperature fromlandsatTMdata and its application to the Israel-Egypt border region[J].International Journal of Remote Sensing,2001,22(18):3719-3746.
[14]丁凤,徐涵秋.TM热波段图像的地表温度反演算法与实验分析[J].地球信息科学,2006,8(3):125-130.
[15]黄妙芬,陈波,刘素红,等.基于TM的城市温度异常区分析[J].国土资源遥感,2007,9(15):23-27.
[16]罗智勇,刘汉湖,杨武年.单窗算法在成都市地面温度反演中的应用研究[J].热带气象学报,2007,23(4):409-412.
[17]楚雄彝族自治州统计局.楚雄统计年鉴(2007)[M].楚雄:楚雄市统计局,2007:475-479.
[18]杨景梅,邱金恒.我国可降水量同地面水汽压关系的经验表达式[J].大气科学,1996,20(5):620-626.
[19]Van de GRIEND AA,OWE M.On the relationship between thermal em-issivityand the normalized difference vegetation indexfornatural surfaces[J].International Journal of Remote Sensing,1993,14(6):1119-1131.
[20]SOBRINOJ A,RAISSOUNI N,LI Z L.Acomparative study of land sur-face emissivityretrieval fromNOAAdata[J].Remote Sensingof Environ-ment,2001,75:256-266.
[21]SNYDER WC,WANZ,ZHANG Y,et al.Classification based emissivity for land surface temperature measurement fromspace.International Jour-nal of Remote Sensing,1998,19(14):2753-2774.
[22]覃志豪,李文娟,徐斌,等.陆地卫星TM6波段范围内地表比辐射率的估计[J].国土资源遥感,2004,61(3):28-32.
[23]易佳,田永中,高阳华,等.基于RS的山地城市热岛效应及其与土地覆被变化关系研究———以重庆市主城区为例[J].云南师范大学学报,2008,28(6):62-69.
[24]李成范,刘岚.山地城市热岛效应的遥感研究———以重庆市北碚区为例[J].测绘工程,2009,18(1):45-49.
[25]李文亮,张丽娟,陈红,等.哈尔滨市城市扩展与地表热环境变化关系研究[J].地域研究与开发,2010,29(2):49-52.
[26]史瑞华.通过绿化缓解城市热岛效应初探[J].山西林业,2008(1):34-35.
[27]赵志敏.城市化进程对城市热岛效应因子的对比分析[J].中国环境监测,2008,24(6):77-79.
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