城市化进程对安徽省风速的影响
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摘要
利用1981—2010年安徽省61个站的逐日风速资料,结合卫星遥感台站分类方法,统计分析了城市化进程对年、季节平均风速、最大风速和小风日数的影响和贡献。结果表明:(1)近30年安徽省年、季节平均风速和最大风速呈显著减少趋势,小风日数呈显著增加趋势。城市站的变化速率明显大于乡村站,郊区站基本介于二者之间。(2)2000年开始安徽省城市化进程加快,导致城市站与乡村站平均风速及小风日数距平的差异有明显增大趋势。(3)城市站与乡村站年平均风速的趋势系数之差为-0.10(m/s)/10a,城市化对年平均风速减弱的贡献率为40.0%,春季更明显;城市站与乡村站年小风日数的趋势系数之差为15.58d/10a,城市化对年小风日数增多的贡献率为46.9%,秋、冬季更明显;城市化对年最大风速的影响不明显。
Using daily wind speed data of 61 stations with satellite-based station classification in Anhui province during 1981-2010,urbanization effects and contributions to the trends of annual and seasonal mean wind speed(Wa),maximum wind speed(Wm) and low wind speed(<2 m/s) days(Lwd) were analyzed.Both the annual and seasonal Wa and Wm presented significant decreasing trends,and Lwd showed significant increasing trends in Anhui province during recent 30 years.Especially,all the trends of Wa,Wm and Lwd at urban stations were obviously larger than those at suburban and rural stations,meanwhile,the trends at suburban stations were generally larger than those at rural stations.Due to the acceleration of urbanization in Anhui province after 2000,the differences in both Wa and Lwd between urban stations and rural stations were becoming bigger and bigger.The difference in trend coefficients of Wa between urban stations and rural stations was about -0.10 m/s per decade,and the corresponding urbanization contribution was about 40.0% to the total decreasing trends of annual Wa.For seasonal Wa,the largest contribution appeared in spring.The difference in trend coefficients of Lwd between urban stations and rural stations was about 15.58 d per decade,and the corresponding urbanization contribution was about 46.9% to the total increasing trends of annual Lwd.For seasonal Lwd,the larger contributions mainly appeared in autumn and winter.The effects of urbanization on Wm were generally insignificant.
Using daily wind speed data of 61 stations with satellite-based station classification in Anhui province during 1981-2010,urbanization effects and contributions to the trends of annual and seasonal mean wind speed(Wa),maximum wind speed(Wm) and low wind speed(<2 m/s) days(Lwd) were analyzed.Both the annual and seasonal Wa and Wm presented significant decreasing trends,and Lwd showed significant increasing trends in Anhui province during recent 30 years.Especially,all the trends of Wa,Wm and Lwd at urban stations were obviously larger than those at suburban and rural stations,meanwhile,the trends at suburban stations were generally larger than those at rural stations.Due to the acceleration of urbanization in Anhui province after 2000,the differences in both Wa and Lwd between urban stations and rural stations were becoming bigger and bigger.The difference in trend coefficients of Wa between urban stations and rural stations was about -0.10 m/s per decade,and the corresponding urbanization contribution was about 40.0% to the total decreasing trends of annual Wa.For seasonal Wa,the largest contribution appeared in spring.The difference in trend coefficients of Lwd between urban stations and rural stations was about 15.58 d per decade,and the corresponding urbanization contribution was about 46.9% to the total increasing trends of annual Lwd.For seasonal Lwd,the larger contributions mainly appeared in autumn and winter.The effects of urbanization on Wm were generally insignificant.
引文
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[21]吴息,吴文倩,王彬滨.城市化对近地层风速概率分布及参数的影响[J].气象学报,2016,74(4):623—632
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[25]周雅清,任国玉.华北地区地表气温观测中城镇化影响的检测和订正[J].气候与环境研究,2005,10(4):734-753
[26]陈正洪,王海军,任国玉.湖北省城市热岛强度变化对区域气温序列的影响[J].气候与环境研究,2005,10(4):771-779
[27]石涛,杨元建,蒋跃林,等.城市热岛强度变化对安徽省气温序列的影响[J].气候与环境研究,2011,16(6):779-788
[2]任国玉,郭军,徐铭志.近50年中国地面气候变化基本特征[J].气象学报,2005,63(6):942-956
[3]江滢,罗勇,赵宗慈.近50年中国风速变化及原因分析[C].中国气象学会年会,2007
[4]Jiang Y,Luo Y,Zhao Z C,et al.Changes in wind speed over China during 1956-2004[J].Theoretical Applied Climatology,2010,99(3):421-430.DOI:10.1007/s00704-009-0152-7
[5]江滢.中国风和风能变化研究[D].南京:南京信息工程大学,2009:18-52
[6]史培军,张钢锋,孔锋,等.中国1961—2012年风速变化区划[J].气候变化研究进展,2015,11(6):387—394
[7]金巍,任国玉,曲岩.1971—2010年东北三省平均地面风速变化[J].干旱区研究,2012,29(4):648—653
[8]马芹,张晓萍,万龙,等.1957--2009年黄土高原地区风速变化趋势分析[J].自然资源学报,2012,27(12):2123-2133
[9]郑祚芳,高华,刘伟东.北京地区近地层风能资源的气候变异及下垫面改变的影响[J].太阳能学报,2014,35(5):881-886
[10]付桂琴,赵春生,张杏敏,等.1961—2010年河北省地面风变化特征及成因探讨[J].干旱气象,2015,33(5):815—821
[11]曹丽娟,鞠晓慧,刘小宁.PMFT方法对我国年平均风速的均一性检验[J].气象,2010,36(10):52-56
[12]刘学锋,江滢,任国玉,等.河北城市化和观测环境改变对地面风速观测资料序列的影响[J].高原气象,2009,28(2):433-439
[13]刘学锋,粱秀慧。任国玉,等.台站观测环境改变对我国近地面风速观测资料序列的影响[J].高原气象,2012,31(6):1645-1652
[14]徐阳阳,刘树华,胡非,等.北京城市化发展对大气边界层特性的影响[J].大气科学,2009,33(4):859-867
[15]Coutts A M,Beringer J,Tapper N J.Impact of increasing urban density on local climate:spatial and temporal variations in the surface energy balance in Melbourne,Australia[J].Journal of Applied Meteorology and Climatology,2007,46(4):477-493.DOI:10.1175/JAM2462.1
[16]刘树华,李洁,文平辉.城市及乡村大气边界层结构的数值模拟[J].北京大学学报:自然科学版,2002,38(1):91-97
[17]Hu X M,Liu S H,Liang F M,et al.Observational study of wind fields,temperature fields over Beijing area in summer and winter[J].Acta Sci Natur Uni Pek,2005,41(3):399-407
[18]Hu X M,Liu S H,Wang Y C,et al.Numerical simulation of wind field and temperature field over Beijing area in summer[J].Acta Meteorologica Sinica,2Q05,19(1):120-127
[19]于宏敏,徐永清,张洪玲.黑龙江省的城市化对近地面风速变化的影响[J].太阳能学报,2014,35(9):1797-1802
[20]中国气象局.地面气象观测规范:第7部分.风向和风速观测:QX/T51-2007[S].北京:气象出版社,2007
[21]吴息,吴文倩,王彬滨.城市化对近地层风速概率分布及参数的影响[J].气象学报,2016,74(4):623—632
[22]吴息,吴文倩.南京地面风速概率分布律的城乡差异[J].气候与环境研究,2016,21(2):134-140
[23]Yang Y J,Wu B W,Shi C E,et al.Impacts of urbanization and stationrelocation on surface air temperature series in Anhui province[J].Pure and Applied Geophysics,2013,170:1969-1983
[24]Li Y B,Shi T,Yang Y J,et al.Satellite-based investigation and evaluation of the observational environment of meteorological stations in Anhui province,China[J].Pure and Applied Geophysics,2015,172(6):1735-1749
[25]周雅清,任国玉.华北地区地表气温观测中城镇化影响的检测和订正[J].气候与环境研究,2005,10(4):734-753
[26]陈正洪,王海军,任国玉.湖北省城市热岛强度变化对区域气温序列的影响[J].气候与环境研究,2005,10(4):771-779
[27]石涛,杨元建,蒋跃林,等.城市热岛强度变化对安徽省气温序列的影响[J].气候与环境研究,2011,16(6):779-788
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