四川盆地下志留统龙马溪组页岩裂缝孔隙定量表征
|
摘要
裂缝和孔隙是致密储层重要的储渗空间,对其识别、描述和定量评价也是页岩气储层评价的重点和难点。为此,以四川盆地涪陵气田和长宁气区钻井资料为基础,通过建立双孔隙介质孔隙度解释模型,对该区下志留统龙马溪组(含上奥陶统五峰组)富有机质页岩段的裂缝孔隙进行了定量评价,并得到以下认识:①应用双孔隙介质模型开展页岩裂缝孔隙度解释,是实现页岩储层裂缝孔隙定量评价的有效办法,也是对海相页岩储集空间定量表征技术的丰富和发展;②该区主力产层基质孔隙体积及其构成区域分布稳定,基质孔隙度总体保持在4.6%~5.4%;③裂缝孔隙发育特征在不同构造区、同一构造的不同井区和不同层段差异较大,显示出页岩储渗条件具有很强的非均质性。根据裂缝孔隙定量表征结果判断,四川盆地五峰组—龙马溪组发育基质孔隙+裂缝型和基质孔隙型这两种类型的页岩气藏:前者主要发育于特殊构造背景区,具有裂缝孔隙发育、含气量大、游离气含量高、产层厚、单井产量高等特点,在该盆地的分布范围可能相对局限;而后者具有基质孔隙度较高、裂缝孔隙不发育、单井产量中高等特征,预计其在该盆地海相页岩气分布区占据主导地位。
Fractures and pores are important storage and percolation spaces in tight reservoirs,and their identification,characterization and quantitative evaluation are the key aspects and difficulties in shale gas reservoir evaluation.In view of this,quantitative evaluation was performed on the fracture porosity of organic-rich shale intervals of Longmaxi Formation,Lower Silurian,Sichuan Basin(Wufeng Formation,Upper Ordovician included),after a dual-porosity medium porosity interpretation model was built on the basis of drilling data of Fuling Gasfield and Changning gas block in the Sichuan Basin.And then,the following conclusions are reached.First,shale fracture porosity interpretation by using dual-porosity medium model is the effective method to evaluate quantitatively the fracture porosity of shale reservoirs,and the development of quantitative characterization techniques of marine shale reservoir spaces.Second,the matrix pore volume of the principal pay zones in this area and its constitution regions are stably distributed with matrix porosity generally in the range of 4.6%- 5.4%.And third,the development characteristics of fracture porosity vary largely in different tectonic regions and in different well blocks and intervals even in the same tectonic region,presenting strong heterogeneity in terms of shale reservoir storage and percolation properties.It is indicated by quantitative characterization of fractures and pores that there are two types of shale gas reservoirs in Wufeng Formation- Longmaxi Formation,Sichuan Basin,including matrix porosity + fracture type and matrix porosity type.The former are mainly developed in the areas with special structure settings and they are characterized by developed fracture pores,high gas content,high free gas content,thick pay zones and high single-well production rate.And in the Sichuan Basin,its distribution is possibly in a restricted range.The latter are characterized by high matrix porosity,undeveloped fracture porosity and medium-high single-well production rate.And it is predicted that marine shale gas is predominant in this basin.
Fractures and pores are important storage and percolation spaces in tight reservoirs,and their identification,characterization and quantitative evaluation are the key aspects and difficulties in shale gas reservoir evaluation.In view of this,quantitative evaluation was performed on the fracture porosity of organic-rich shale intervals of Longmaxi Formation,Lower Silurian,Sichuan Basin(Wufeng Formation,Upper Ordovician included),after a dual-porosity medium porosity interpretation model was built on the basis of drilling data of Fuling Gasfield and Changning gas block in the Sichuan Basin.And then,the following conclusions are reached.First,shale fracture porosity interpretation by using dual-porosity medium model is the effective method to evaluate quantitatively the fracture porosity of shale reservoirs,and the development of quantitative characterization techniques of marine shale reservoir spaces.Second,the matrix pore volume of the principal pay zones in this area and its constitution regions are stably distributed with matrix porosity generally in the range of 4.6%- 5.4%.And third,the development characteristics of fracture porosity vary largely in different tectonic regions and in different well blocks and intervals even in the same tectonic region,presenting strong heterogeneity in terms of shale reservoir storage and percolation properties.It is indicated by quantitative characterization of fractures and pores that there are two types of shale gas reservoirs in Wufeng Formation- Longmaxi Formation,Sichuan Basin,including matrix porosity + fracture type and matrix porosity type.The former are mainly developed in the areas with special structure settings and they are characterized by developed fracture pores,high gas content,high free gas content,thick pay zones and high single-well production rate.And in the Sichuan Basin,its distribution is possibly in a restricted range.The latter are characterized by high matrix porosity,undeveloped fracture porosity and medium-high single-well production rate.And it is predicted that marine shale gas is predominant in this basin.
引文
[1]李新景,胡素云,程克明.北美裂缝性页岩气勘探开发的启示[J].石油勘探与开发,2007,34(4):392-400.Li Xinjing,Hu Suyun,Cheng Kerning.Suggestions from the development of fractured shale gas in North America[J].Petroleum Exploration and Development,2007,34(4):392-400.
[2]丁文龙,李超,李春燕,许长春,久凯,曾维特.页岩裂缝发育主控因素及其对含气性的影响[J].地学前缘,2012,19(2):212-220.Ding Wenlong,Li Chao,Li Chunyan,Xu Changchun,Jiu Kai,Zeng Weite.Dominant factor of fracture development in shale and its relationship to gas accumulation[J].Earth Science Frontiers,2012,19(2):212-220.
[3]聂海宽,边瑞康,张培先,高波.川东南地区下古生界页岩储层微观类型与特征及其对含气量的影响[J].地学前缘,2014,21(4):331-343.Nie Haikuan,Bian Ruikang,Zhang Peixian,Gao Bo.Microtypes and characteristics of shale reservoir of the Lower Paleozoic in Southeast Sichuan Basin,and their effects on the gas content[J].Earth Science Frontiers,2014,21(4):331-343.
[4]《页岩气地质与勘探开发实践丛书》编委会.页岩气地质与勘探开发实践丛书——北美地区页岩气勘探开发新进展[M].北京:石油工业出版社,2009.Writing Group of Shale Gas Geological Exploration and Develoment Practices Books.Exploration and Development progress of shale gas in North America[M].Beijing:Petroleum Idustry Press,2009.
[5]Bowker KA.Bamett Shale gas production,Fort Worth Basinjssues and discussionDl AAPG Bulletin,2007,91(4):523-533.
[6]Gale JFW,Reed RM,Holder J.Natural fractures in the Barnett Shale and their importance for hydraulic fracture treatments[J].AAPG Bulletin,2007,91(4):603-622.
[7]Jenkins C,Ouenes A,Zellou A,Wingard J.Quantifying and predicting naturally fractured reservoir behavior with continuous fracture models[J].AAPG Bulletin,2009,93(11):1597-1608.
[8]Curtis JB.Fractured shale-gas systems[J].AAPG Bulletin,2002,86(11),1921-1938.
[9]董大忠,邹才能,李建忠,王社教,李新景,王玉满,等.页岩气资源潜力与勘探开发前景[J].地质通报,2011,31(2):324-336.Dong Dazhong,Zou Caineng,Li Jianzhong,Wang Shejiao,Li Xinjing,Wang Yuman,et al.Resource potential,exploration and development prospect of shale gas in the whole world[J].Geological Bulletin of China,2011,31(2):324-336.
[10]王玉满,董大忠,李新景,黄金亮,王淑芳,吴伟.四川盆地及其周缘下志留统龙马溪组层序与沉积特征[J].天然气工业,2015,35(3):12-21.Wang Yuman,Dong Dazhong,Li Xinjing,Huang Jinliang,Wang Shufang,Wu Wei.Stratigraphic sequence and sedimentary characteristics of Lower Silurian Longmaxi Formation in the Sichuan Basin and its peripheral areas[J].Natural Gas Industry,2015,35(3):12-21.
[11]王玉满,董大忠,李建忠,王社教,李新景,王黎,等.川南下志留统龙马溪组页岩气储层特征[J].石油学报,2012,33(4):551-561.Wang Yuman,Dong Dazhong,Li Jianzhong,Wang Shejiao,Li Xinjing,Wang Li,et al.Reservoir characteristics of shale gas in Longmaxi Formation of the Lower Silurian,southern Sichuan[J].Acta Petrolei Sinica,2012,33(4):551-561.
[12]王玉满,董大忠,杨桦,何伶,王世谦,黄金亮,等.川南下志留统龙马溪组页岩储集空间定量表征[J].中国科学:地球科学,2014,44(6):1348-1356.Wang Yuman,Dong Dazhong,Yang Hua,He Ling,Wang Shiqian,Huang Jinliang,et al.Quantitative characterization of reservoir space in the Lower Silurian Longmaxi Shale,southern Sichuan,China[J].Science China:Earth Sciences,2014,44(6):1348-1356.
[13]郭彤楼,刘若冰.复杂构造区高演化程度海相页岩气勘探突破的启示——以四川盆地东部盆缘JY1井为例[J].天然气地球科学,2013,24(4):643-651.Guo Tonglou,Liu Ruobing.Implications from marine shale gas exploration breakthrough in complicated structural area at high thermal stage:Taking Longmaxi Formation in well JY 1 as an example[J].Natural Gas Geoscience,2013,24(4):643-651.
[14]郭彤楼,张汉荣.四川I盆地焦石坝页岩气田形成与富集高产模式[J].石油勘探与开发,2014,41(1):28-35.Guo Tonglou,Zhang Hanrong.Formation and enrichment mode of Jiaoshiba shale gas field,Sichuan Basin[J].Petroleum Exploration and Development,2014,41(1):28-35.
[15]郭旭升,李宇平,刘若冰,王庆波.四川盆地焦石坝地区龙马溪组页岩微观孔隙结构特征及其控制因素[J].天然气工业,2014,34(6):9-16.Guo Xusheng,Li Yuping,Liu Ruobing,Wang Qingbo.Characteristics and controlling factors of micro-pore structures of Longmaxi Shale Play in the Jiaoshiba area,Sichuan Basin[J].Natural Gas Industry,2014,34(6):9-16.
[16]魏志红,魏祥峰.页岩不同类型孔隙的含气性差异——以四川盆地焦石坝地区五峰组—龙马溪组为例[J].天然气工业,2014,34(6):37-41.Wei Zhihong,Wei Xiangfeng.Comparison of gas-bearing property between different pore types of shale:A case from the Upper Ordovician Wufeng and Longmaxi Fms in the Jiaoshiba area,Sichuan Basin[J].Natural Gas Industry,2014,34(6):37-41.
[17]邹才能,朱如凯,白斌,杨智,吴松涛,苏玲,等.中国油气储层中纳米孔首次发现及其科学价值[J].岩石学报,2011,27(6):1857-1864.Zou Caineng,Zhu Rukai,Bai Bin,Yang Zhi,Wu Songtao,Su Ling,et al.First discovery of nano-pore throat in oil and gas reservoir in China and its scientific value[J].Acta Petrologica Sinica,2011,27(6):1857-1864.
[18]王道富,王玉满,董大忠,王世谦,黄金亮,黄勇斌,等.川南下寒武统筇竹寺组页岩储集空间定量表征[J].天然气工业,2013,33(7):1-10.Wang Daofu,Wang Yuman,Dong Dazhong,Wang Shiqian,Huang Jinliang,Huang Yongbin,et al.Quantitative characterization of reservoir space in the Lower Cambrian Qiongzhusi Shale,Southern Sichuan Basin[J].Natural Gas Industry,2013,33(7):1-10.
[19]胡东风,张汉荣,倪楷,余光春.四川盆地东南缘海相页岩气保存条件及其主控因素[J].天然气工业,2014,34(6):17-23.Hu Dongfeng,Zhang Hanrong,Ni Kai,Yu Guangchun.Main controlling factors for gas preservation conditions of marine shales in southeastern margins of the Sichuan Basin[J].Natural Gas Industry,2014,34(6):17-23.
[20]邹才能,杨智,张国生,侯连华,朱如凯,陶士振,等.常规—非常规油气“有序聚集”理论认识及实践意义[J].石油勘探与开发,2014,41(1):14-27.Zou Caineng,Yang Zhi,Zhang Guosheng,Hou Lianhua,Zhu Rukai,Tao Shizhen,et al.Conventional and unconventional petroleum"orderly accumulation":Concept and practical significance[J].Petroleum Exploration and Development,2014,41(1):14-27.
[21]郑和荣,高波,彭勇民,聂海宽,杨斐然.中上扬子地区下志留统沉积演化与页岩气勘探方向[J].古地理学报,2013,15(5):645-656.Zheng Herong,Gao Bo,Peng Yongmin,Nie Haikuan,Yang Feiran.Sedimentary evolution and shale gas exploration direction of the Lower Silurian in Middle-Upper Yangtze area[J].Journal of Palaeogeography,2013,15(5):645-656.
[22]胡伟光,刘珠江,范春华,周卓铸,李春燕.四川盆地J地区志留系龙马溪组页岩裂缝地震预测与评价[J].海相油气地质,2014,19(4):25-30.Hu Weiguang,Liu Zhujiang,Fan Chunhua,Zhou Zhuozhu,Li Chunyan.Seismic prediction and evaluation of fractures in Silurian Longmaxi Shale at J area in Sichuan Basin[J].Marine Origin Petroleum Geology,2014,19(4):25-30.
[23]董丙响,程远方,刘钰川,易新斌,杨柳,吴玲妍,等.页岩气储层岩石物理性质[J].西安石油大学学报:自然科学版,2013,28(1):25-28.Dong Bingxiang,Cheng Yuanfang,Liu Yuchuan,Yi Xinbin,Yang Liu,Wu Lingyan,et al.Research of the petrophysical property of shale gas reservoirs[J].Journal of Xi'an Shiyou University:Natural Science Edition,2013,28(1):25-28.
[24]侯读杰,包书景,毛小平,陈新军,马宁,张小涛,等.页岩气资源潜力评价的几个关键问题讨论[J].地球科学与环境学报,2012,34(3):7-16.Hou Dujie,Bao Shujing,Mao Xiaoping,Chen Xinjun,Ma Ning,Zhang Xiaotao,et al.Discussion on the key issues of resource potential evaluation for shale gas[J].Journal of Earth Sciences and Environment,2012,34(3):7-16.
[2]丁文龙,李超,李春燕,许长春,久凯,曾维特.页岩裂缝发育主控因素及其对含气性的影响[J].地学前缘,2012,19(2):212-220.Ding Wenlong,Li Chao,Li Chunyan,Xu Changchun,Jiu Kai,Zeng Weite.Dominant factor of fracture development in shale and its relationship to gas accumulation[J].Earth Science Frontiers,2012,19(2):212-220.
[3]聂海宽,边瑞康,张培先,高波.川东南地区下古生界页岩储层微观类型与特征及其对含气量的影响[J].地学前缘,2014,21(4):331-343.Nie Haikuan,Bian Ruikang,Zhang Peixian,Gao Bo.Microtypes and characteristics of shale reservoir of the Lower Paleozoic in Southeast Sichuan Basin,and their effects on the gas content[J].Earth Science Frontiers,2014,21(4):331-343.
[4]《页岩气地质与勘探开发实践丛书》编委会.页岩气地质与勘探开发实践丛书——北美地区页岩气勘探开发新进展[M].北京:石油工业出版社,2009.Writing Group of Shale Gas Geological Exploration and Develoment Practices Books.Exploration and Development progress of shale gas in North America[M].Beijing:Petroleum Idustry Press,2009.
[5]Bowker KA.Bamett Shale gas production,Fort Worth Basinjssues and discussionDl AAPG Bulletin,2007,91(4):523-533.
[6]Gale JFW,Reed RM,Holder J.Natural fractures in the Barnett Shale and their importance for hydraulic fracture treatments[J].AAPG Bulletin,2007,91(4):603-622.
[7]Jenkins C,Ouenes A,Zellou A,Wingard J.Quantifying and predicting naturally fractured reservoir behavior with continuous fracture models[J].AAPG Bulletin,2009,93(11):1597-1608.
[8]Curtis JB.Fractured shale-gas systems[J].AAPG Bulletin,2002,86(11),1921-1938.
[9]董大忠,邹才能,李建忠,王社教,李新景,王玉满,等.页岩气资源潜力与勘探开发前景[J].地质通报,2011,31(2):324-336.Dong Dazhong,Zou Caineng,Li Jianzhong,Wang Shejiao,Li Xinjing,Wang Yuman,et al.Resource potential,exploration and development prospect of shale gas in the whole world[J].Geological Bulletin of China,2011,31(2):324-336.
[10]王玉满,董大忠,李新景,黄金亮,王淑芳,吴伟.四川盆地及其周缘下志留统龙马溪组层序与沉积特征[J].天然气工业,2015,35(3):12-21.Wang Yuman,Dong Dazhong,Li Xinjing,Huang Jinliang,Wang Shufang,Wu Wei.Stratigraphic sequence and sedimentary characteristics of Lower Silurian Longmaxi Formation in the Sichuan Basin and its peripheral areas[J].Natural Gas Industry,2015,35(3):12-21.
[11]王玉满,董大忠,李建忠,王社教,李新景,王黎,等.川南下志留统龙马溪组页岩气储层特征[J].石油学报,2012,33(4):551-561.Wang Yuman,Dong Dazhong,Li Jianzhong,Wang Shejiao,Li Xinjing,Wang Li,et al.Reservoir characteristics of shale gas in Longmaxi Formation of the Lower Silurian,southern Sichuan[J].Acta Petrolei Sinica,2012,33(4):551-561.
[12]王玉满,董大忠,杨桦,何伶,王世谦,黄金亮,等.川南下志留统龙马溪组页岩储集空间定量表征[J].中国科学:地球科学,2014,44(6):1348-1356.Wang Yuman,Dong Dazhong,Yang Hua,He Ling,Wang Shiqian,Huang Jinliang,et al.Quantitative characterization of reservoir space in the Lower Silurian Longmaxi Shale,southern Sichuan,China[J].Science China:Earth Sciences,2014,44(6):1348-1356.
[13]郭彤楼,刘若冰.复杂构造区高演化程度海相页岩气勘探突破的启示——以四川盆地东部盆缘JY1井为例[J].天然气地球科学,2013,24(4):643-651.Guo Tonglou,Liu Ruobing.Implications from marine shale gas exploration breakthrough in complicated structural area at high thermal stage:Taking Longmaxi Formation in well JY 1 as an example[J].Natural Gas Geoscience,2013,24(4):643-651.
[14]郭彤楼,张汉荣.四川I盆地焦石坝页岩气田形成与富集高产模式[J].石油勘探与开发,2014,41(1):28-35.Guo Tonglou,Zhang Hanrong.Formation and enrichment mode of Jiaoshiba shale gas field,Sichuan Basin[J].Petroleum Exploration and Development,2014,41(1):28-35.
[15]郭旭升,李宇平,刘若冰,王庆波.四川盆地焦石坝地区龙马溪组页岩微观孔隙结构特征及其控制因素[J].天然气工业,2014,34(6):9-16.Guo Xusheng,Li Yuping,Liu Ruobing,Wang Qingbo.Characteristics and controlling factors of micro-pore structures of Longmaxi Shale Play in the Jiaoshiba area,Sichuan Basin[J].Natural Gas Industry,2014,34(6):9-16.
[16]魏志红,魏祥峰.页岩不同类型孔隙的含气性差异——以四川盆地焦石坝地区五峰组—龙马溪组为例[J].天然气工业,2014,34(6):37-41.Wei Zhihong,Wei Xiangfeng.Comparison of gas-bearing property between different pore types of shale:A case from the Upper Ordovician Wufeng and Longmaxi Fms in the Jiaoshiba area,Sichuan Basin[J].Natural Gas Industry,2014,34(6):37-41.
[17]邹才能,朱如凯,白斌,杨智,吴松涛,苏玲,等.中国油气储层中纳米孔首次发现及其科学价值[J].岩石学报,2011,27(6):1857-1864.Zou Caineng,Zhu Rukai,Bai Bin,Yang Zhi,Wu Songtao,Su Ling,et al.First discovery of nano-pore throat in oil and gas reservoir in China and its scientific value[J].Acta Petrologica Sinica,2011,27(6):1857-1864.
[18]王道富,王玉满,董大忠,王世谦,黄金亮,黄勇斌,等.川南下寒武统筇竹寺组页岩储集空间定量表征[J].天然气工业,2013,33(7):1-10.Wang Daofu,Wang Yuman,Dong Dazhong,Wang Shiqian,Huang Jinliang,Huang Yongbin,et al.Quantitative characterization of reservoir space in the Lower Cambrian Qiongzhusi Shale,Southern Sichuan Basin[J].Natural Gas Industry,2013,33(7):1-10.
[19]胡东风,张汉荣,倪楷,余光春.四川盆地东南缘海相页岩气保存条件及其主控因素[J].天然气工业,2014,34(6):17-23.Hu Dongfeng,Zhang Hanrong,Ni Kai,Yu Guangchun.Main controlling factors for gas preservation conditions of marine shales in southeastern margins of the Sichuan Basin[J].Natural Gas Industry,2014,34(6):17-23.
[20]邹才能,杨智,张国生,侯连华,朱如凯,陶士振,等.常规—非常规油气“有序聚集”理论认识及实践意义[J].石油勘探与开发,2014,41(1):14-27.Zou Caineng,Yang Zhi,Zhang Guosheng,Hou Lianhua,Zhu Rukai,Tao Shizhen,et al.Conventional and unconventional petroleum"orderly accumulation":Concept and practical significance[J].Petroleum Exploration and Development,2014,41(1):14-27.
[21]郑和荣,高波,彭勇民,聂海宽,杨斐然.中上扬子地区下志留统沉积演化与页岩气勘探方向[J].古地理学报,2013,15(5):645-656.Zheng Herong,Gao Bo,Peng Yongmin,Nie Haikuan,Yang Feiran.Sedimentary evolution and shale gas exploration direction of the Lower Silurian in Middle-Upper Yangtze area[J].Journal of Palaeogeography,2013,15(5):645-656.
[22]胡伟光,刘珠江,范春华,周卓铸,李春燕.四川盆地J地区志留系龙马溪组页岩裂缝地震预测与评价[J].海相油气地质,2014,19(4):25-30.Hu Weiguang,Liu Zhujiang,Fan Chunhua,Zhou Zhuozhu,Li Chunyan.Seismic prediction and evaluation of fractures in Silurian Longmaxi Shale at J area in Sichuan Basin[J].Marine Origin Petroleum Geology,2014,19(4):25-30.
[23]董丙响,程远方,刘钰川,易新斌,杨柳,吴玲妍,等.页岩气储层岩石物理性质[J].西安石油大学学报:自然科学版,2013,28(1):25-28.Dong Bingxiang,Cheng Yuanfang,Liu Yuchuan,Yi Xinbin,Yang Liu,Wu Lingyan,et al.Research of the petrophysical property of shale gas reservoirs[J].Journal of Xi'an Shiyou University:Natural Science Edition,2013,28(1):25-28.
[24]侯读杰,包书景,毛小平,陈新军,马宁,张小涛,等.页岩气资源潜力评价的几个关键问题讨论[J].地球科学与环境学报,2012,34(3):7-16.Hou Dujie,Bao Shujing,Mao Xiaoping,Chen Xinjun,Ma Ning,Zhang Xiaotao,et al.Discussion on the key issues of resource potential evaluation for shale gas[J].Journal of Earth Sciences and Environment,2012,34(3):7-16.
目录