四川盆地南部下志留统龙马溪组页岩孔隙结构特征
|
摘要
页岩的孔隙结构特征对页岩气的储集和运移有着显著的影响。不同的孔隙结构表征技术往往适用于特定的孔隙尺寸范围,而由于页岩孔径大小变化范围较大且发育大量的纳米级孔隙,对其孔隙结构进行合理的表征十分困难。为此,综合利用低压N_2吸附法、高压压汞法以及岩心核磁共振法对四川盆地南部下志留统龙马溪组页岩的孔隙结构特征进行了深入研究,探讨了影响孔隙发育的主要因素。结果表明:①该区龙马溪组页岩孔隙形状复杂,孔径分布普遍具有双峰或三峰特征,主要发育孔隙直径介于0~10 nm的微孔和中孔,也有少量大孔和微裂缝发育;②页岩样品的矿物成分以石英和黏土矿物为主,而后者是页岩微孔和中孔发育的主要贡献者,其含量与岩样微孔体积和中孔体积均具有正相关性;③此外,有机碳含量也是控制该区泥页岩孔隙发育的主要因素之一,主要通过有机质热演化生烃作用影响孔隙的发育;④目前的测试手段难以对直径小于2 nm的孔喉进行准确测试,这也是未来攻关的技术难点。
The pore structure of shale gas reservoirs has a strong impact on gas storage and migration.However,it's very difficult to characterize the pore structure of shales due to a wide range of pore sizes and a large number of nano-scale pores.In this paper,the low pressure N_2 adsorption,high pressure mercury injection and nuclear magnetic resonance are used to characterize the shale reservoir pore structure of Longmaxi Formation in the Sichuan Basin.Experimental analysis shows that:①the pore size distribution of Longmaxi shale in the Sichuan Basin is bimodal or trimodal,with the dominant pore diameter in the range of 0-10 nm,but a small number of large pores and developed microfractures;②The main components of the shale samples are quartz and clay minerals,with the latter being the main contributor to micro and meso-pores in the shale,and its content being positively correlated with the micro and meso-pore volumes in shale;③The content of total organic carbon is a key factor controlling the pore space development in shale through hydrocarbon generation of organic matters;④The pore throat less than 2 nm in diameter can't be tested accurately by current experimental methods,which will be a key point in the future study.
The pore structure of shale gas reservoirs has a strong impact on gas storage and migration.However,it's very difficult to characterize the pore structure of shales due to a wide range of pore sizes and a large number of nano-scale pores.In this paper,the low pressure N_2 adsorption,high pressure mercury injection and nuclear magnetic resonance are used to characterize the shale reservoir pore structure of Longmaxi Formation in the Sichuan Basin.Experimental analysis shows that:①the pore size distribution of Longmaxi shale in the Sichuan Basin is bimodal or trimodal,with the dominant pore diameter in the range of 0-10 nm,but a small number of large pores and developed microfractures;②The main components of the shale samples are quartz and clay minerals,with the latter being the main contributor to micro and meso-pores in the shale,and its content being positively correlated with the micro and meso-pore volumes in shale;③The content of total organic carbon is a key factor controlling the pore space development in shale through hydrocarbon generation of organic matters;④The pore throat less than 2 nm in diameter can't be tested accurately by current experimental methods,which will be a key point in the future study.
引文
[1]张雪芬,陆现彩,张林晔,刘庆.页岩气的赋存形式研究及其石油地质意义[J].地球科学进展,2010,25(6):597-604.Zhang Xuefen,Lu Xiancai,Zhang Linye,Liu Qing.Occurrences of shale gas and their petroleum geological significance[J].Advances in Earth Science,2010,25(6):597-604.
[2]王亮,陈云燕,刘玉霞.川东南彭水地区龙马溪组页岩孔隙结构特征[J].中国石油勘探,2014,19(5):80-88.Wang Liang,Chen Yunyan,Liu Yuxia.Shale porous structural characteristics of Longmaxi Formation in Pengshui Area of southeast Sichuan Basin[J].China Petroleum Exploration,2014,19(5):80-88.
[3]赵靖舟,方朝强,张洁,王力,张新新.由北美页岩气勘探开发看我国页岩气选区评价[J].西安石油大学学报:自然科学版,2011,26(2):1-7.Zhao Jingzhou,Fang Chaoqiang,Zhang Jie,Wang Li,Zhang Xinxin.Evaluation of China shale gas from the exploration and development of north America shale gas[J].Journal of Xi'an Shiyou University:Natural Science Edition,2011,26(2):1-7.
[4]何海清,李建忠.中国石油“十一五”以来油气勘探成果、地质新认识与技术进展[J].中国石油勘探,2014,19(6):1-13.He Haiqing,Li Jianzhong.PetroChina's oil and gas exploration results,new geological theories and technological achievements since 11~(th)Five-Year Plan Period[J].China Petroleum Exploration,2014,19(6):1-13.
[5]Wang FP,Reed RM.Pore networks and fluid flow in gas shales[C]//paper 124253-MS presented at the SPE Annual Technical Conference and Exhibition,4-7 October 2009,New Orleans,Louisiana,USA.DOI:http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/124253-MS.
[6]Bustin RM,Bustin AMM,Cui X,Ross D,Pathi VM.Impact of shale properties on pore structure and storage characteristics[C]//paper 119892-MS presented at the SPE Shale Gas Production Conference,16-18 November 2008,Fort Worth,Texas,USA.DOI:http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/119892-MS.
[7]Davies DK,Bryant WR,Vessel RK,Burkett PJ.Porosities,permeabilities,and microfabrics of Devonian shales[M].New York:Springer-Verlag,1991.
[8]Reed RM,Loucks RG,Jarvie DM,Ruppel SC.Nanopores in the Mississippian Barnett Shale:Distribution,morphology,and possible genesis[C]//paper 131-12 presented at the GSA Denver Annual Meeting,28-31 October 2007,Denver,Colorado,USA.
[9]Comisky JT,Newsham,KE,Rushing JA,Blasingame TA.A comparative study of capillary-pressure based empirical models for estimating absolute permeability in tight gas sands[C]//paper 110050-MS presented at the SPE Annual Technical Conference and Exhibition,11-14 November 2007,Anaheim,California,USA.DOI:http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/110050-MS.
[10]董丙响,程远方,刘钰川,易新斌,杨柳,吴玲妍,等.页岩气储层岩石物理性质[J].西安石油大学学报:自然科学版,2013,28(1):25-28,36.Dong Bingxiang,Cheng Yuanfang,Liu Yuchuan,Yi Xinbin,Yang Liu,Wu Lingyan,et al.Research of the petrophysical property of shale gas reservoirs[J].Journal of Xi'an Shiyou University:Natural Science Edition,2013,28(1):25-28,36.
[11]郭旭升,李宇平,刘若冰,王庆波.四川盆地焦石坝地区龙马溪组页岩微观孔隙结构特征及其控制因素[J].天然气工业,2014,34(6):9-16.Guo Xusheng,Li Yuping,Liu Ruobing,Wang Qingbo.Characteristics and controlling factors of micro-pore structures of Longmaxi Shale Play in the Jiaoshiba area,Sichuan Basin[J].Natural Gas Industry,2014,34(6):9-16.
[12]Sondergeld CH,Newsham KE,Comisky JT,Rice MC,Rai CS.Petrophysical considerations in evaluating and producing shale gas resources[C]//paper 131768-MS presented at the SPE Unconventional Gas Conference,23-25February 2010,Pittsburgh,Pennsylvania,USA.DOI:http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/131768-MS.
[13]Sondergeld CH,Ambrose RJ,Rai CS,Moncrieff J.Micro-structural studies of gas shales[C]//paper 131771-MS presented at the SPE Unconventional Gas Conference,23-25 February 2010,Pittsburgh,Pennsylvania,USA,DOI:http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/131771-MS.
[14]Clarkson CR,Freeman M,He L,Agamalian M,Melnichenko YB,Mastalerz M,et al.Characterization of tight gas reservoir pore structure using USANS/SANS and gas adsorption analysis[J].Fuel,2012,95:371-385.
[15]陈尚斌,朱炎铭,王红岩,刘洪林,魏伟,方俊华.川南龙马溪组页岩气储层纳米孔隙结构特征及其成藏意义[J].煤炭学报,2012,37(3):438-444.Chen Shangbin,Zhu Yanming,Wang Hongyan,Liu Honglin,Wei Wei,Fang Junhua.Structure characteristics and accumulation significance of nanopores in Longmaxi shale gas reservoir in the southern Sichuan Basin[J].Journal of China Coal Society,2012,37(3):438-444.
[16]王亮,陈云燕,刘玉霞.川东南彭水地区龙马溪组页岩孔隙结构特征[J].中国石油勘探,2014,19(5):80-88.Wang Liang,Chen Yunyan,Liu Yuxia.Shale porous structural characteristics of Longmaxi Formation in Pengshui Area of southeast Sichuan Basin[J].China Petroleum Exploration,2014,19(5):80-88.
[17]田华,张水昌,柳少波,张洪.压汞法和气体吸附法研究富有机质页岩孔隙特征[J].石油学报,2012,33(3):419-427.Tian Hua,Zhang Shuichang,Liu Shaobo,Zhang Hong.Determination of organic-rich shale pore features by mercury injection and gas adsorption methods[J].Acta Petrolei Sinica,2012,33(3):419-427.
[18]王为民,叶朝辉,郭和坤.陆相储层岩石核磁共振物理特征的实验研究[J].波谱学杂志,2001,18(2):113-121.Wang Weimin,Ye Chaohui,Guo Hekun.Experimental studies of NMR properties of continental sedimentary rocks[J].Chinese Journal of Magnetic Resonance,2001,18(2):113-121.
[19]肖立志.核磁共振成像测井与岩石核磁共振及其应用[M].北京:科学出版社,1998.Xiao Lizhi.NMR Logging principles and applications[M].Beijing:Science Press,1998.
[20]周元龙,姜汉桥,王川,桑国强,刘磊.核磁共振研究聚合物微球调驱微观渗流机理[J].西安石油大学学报:自然科学版,2013,28(1):70-75.Zhou Yuanlong,Jiang Hanqiao,Wang Chuan,Sang Guoqiang,Liu Lei.Experimental study on microscopic percolation mechanism of polymer microsphere profile control and flooding by nuclear magnetic resonance[J].Journal of Xi'an Shiyou University:Natural Science Edition,2013,28(1):70-75.
[21]Brunauer S,Deming LS,Deming WS,Teller E.On a theory of van der Waals adsorption of gases[J].Journal of American Chemical Society,1940,62(6):1723-1725.
[22]Gregg SJ,Sing KSW.Adsorption,surface area and porosity[M].London:Academic Press,1982.
[2]王亮,陈云燕,刘玉霞.川东南彭水地区龙马溪组页岩孔隙结构特征[J].中国石油勘探,2014,19(5):80-88.Wang Liang,Chen Yunyan,Liu Yuxia.Shale porous structural characteristics of Longmaxi Formation in Pengshui Area of southeast Sichuan Basin[J].China Petroleum Exploration,2014,19(5):80-88.
[3]赵靖舟,方朝强,张洁,王力,张新新.由北美页岩气勘探开发看我国页岩气选区评价[J].西安石油大学学报:自然科学版,2011,26(2):1-7.Zhao Jingzhou,Fang Chaoqiang,Zhang Jie,Wang Li,Zhang Xinxin.Evaluation of China shale gas from the exploration and development of north America shale gas[J].Journal of Xi'an Shiyou University:Natural Science Edition,2011,26(2):1-7.
[4]何海清,李建忠.中国石油“十一五”以来油气勘探成果、地质新认识与技术进展[J].中国石油勘探,2014,19(6):1-13.He Haiqing,Li Jianzhong.PetroChina's oil and gas exploration results,new geological theories and technological achievements since 11~(th)Five-Year Plan Period[J].China Petroleum Exploration,2014,19(6):1-13.
[5]Wang FP,Reed RM.Pore networks and fluid flow in gas shales[C]//paper 124253-MS presented at the SPE Annual Technical Conference and Exhibition,4-7 October 2009,New Orleans,Louisiana,USA.DOI:http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/124253-MS.
[6]Bustin RM,Bustin AMM,Cui X,Ross D,Pathi VM.Impact of shale properties on pore structure and storage characteristics[C]//paper 119892-MS presented at the SPE Shale Gas Production Conference,16-18 November 2008,Fort Worth,Texas,USA.DOI:http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/119892-MS.
[7]Davies DK,Bryant WR,Vessel RK,Burkett PJ.Porosities,permeabilities,and microfabrics of Devonian shales[M].New York:Springer-Verlag,1991.
[8]Reed RM,Loucks RG,Jarvie DM,Ruppel SC.Nanopores in the Mississippian Barnett Shale:Distribution,morphology,and possible genesis[C]//paper 131-12 presented at the GSA Denver Annual Meeting,28-31 October 2007,Denver,Colorado,USA.
[9]Comisky JT,Newsham,KE,Rushing JA,Blasingame TA.A comparative study of capillary-pressure based empirical models for estimating absolute permeability in tight gas sands[C]//paper 110050-MS presented at the SPE Annual Technical Conference and Exhibition,11-14 November 2007,Anaheim,California,USA.DOI:http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/110050-MS.
[10]董丙响,程远方,刘钰川,易新斌,杨柳,吴玲妍,等.页岩气储层岩石物理性质[J].西安石油大学学报:自然科学版,2013,28(1):25-28,36.Dong Bingxiang,Cheng Yuanfang,Liu Yuchuan,Yi Xinbin,Yang Liu,Wu Lingyan,et al.Research of the petrophysical property of shale gas reservoirs[J].Journal of Xi'an Shiyou University:Natural Science Edition,2013,28(1):25-28,36.
[11]郭旭升,李宇平,刘若冰,王庆波.四川盆地焦石坝地区龙马溪组页岩微观孔隙结构特征及其控制因素[J].天然气工业,2014,34(6):9-16.Guo Xusheng,Li Yuping,Liu Ruobing,Wang Qingbo.Characteristics and controlling factors of micro-pore structures of Longmaxi Shale Play in the Jiaoshiba area,Sichuan Basin[J].Natural Gas Industry,2014,34(6):9-16.
[12]Sondergeld CH,Newsham KE,Comisky JT,Rice MC,Rai CS.Petrophysical considerations in evaluating and producing shale gas resources[C]//paper 131768-MS presented at the SPE Unconventional Gas Conference,23-25February 2010,Pittsburgh,Pennsylvania,USA.DOI:http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/131768-MS.
[13]Sondergeld CH,Ambrose RJ,Rai CS,Moncrieff J.Micro-structural studies of gas shales[C]//paper 131771-MS presented at the SPE Unconventional Gas Conference,23-25 February 2010,Pittsburgh,Pennsylvania,USA,DOI:http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/131771-MS.
[14]Clarkson CR,Freeman M,He L,Agamalian M,Melnichenko YB,Mastalerz M,et al.Characterization of tight gas reservoir pore structure using USANS/SANS and gas adsorption analysis[J].Fuel,2012,95:371-385.
[15]陈尚斌,朱炎铭,王红岩,刘洪林,魏伟,方俊华.川南龙马溪组页岩气储层纳米孔隙结构特征及其成藏意义[J].煤炭学报,2012,37(3):438-444.Chen Shangbin,Zhu Yanming,Wang Hongyan,Liu Honglin,Wei Wei,Fang Junhua.Structure characteristics and accumulation significance of nanopores in Longmaxi shale gas reservoir in the southern Sichuan Basin[J].Journal of China Coal Society,2012,37(3):438-444.
[16]王亮,陈云燕,刘玉霞.川东南彭水地区龙马溪组页岩孔隙结构特征[J].中国石油勘探,2014,19(5):80-88.Wang Liang,Chen Yunyan,Liu Yuxia.Shale porous structural characteristics of Longmaxi Formation in Pengshui Area of southeast Sichuan Basin[J].China Petroleum Exploration,2014,19(5):80-88.
[17]田华,张水昌,柳少波,张洪.压汞法和气体吸附法研究富有机质页岩孔隙特征[J].石油学报,2012,33(3):419-427.Tian Hua,Zhang Shuichang,Liu Shaobo,Zhang Hong.Determination of organic-rich shale pore features by mercury injection and gas adsorption methods[J].Acta Petrolei Sinica,2012,33(3):419-427.
[18]王为民,叶朝辉,郭和坤.陆相储层岩石核磁共振物理特征的实验研究[J].波谱学杂志,2001,18(2):113-121.Wang Weimin,Ye Chaohui,Guo Hekun.Experimental studies of NMR properties of continental sedimentary rocks[J].Chinese Journal of Magnetic Resonance,2001,18(2):113-121.
[19]肖立志.核磁共振成像测井与岩石核磁共振及其应用[M].北京:科学出版社,1998.Xiao Lizhi.NMR Logging principles and applications[M].Beijing:Science Press,1998.
[20]周元龙,姜汉桥,王川,桑国强,刘磊.核磁共振研究聚合物微球调驱微观渗流机理[J].西安石油大学学报:自然科学版,2013,28(1):70-75.Zhou Yuanlong,Jiang Hanqiao,Wang Chuan,Sang Guoqiang,Liu Lei.Experimental study on microscopic percolation mechanism of polymer microsphere profile control and flooding by nuclear magnetic resonance[J].Journal of Xi'an Shiyou University:Natural Science Edition,2013,28(1):70-75.
[21]Brunauer S,Deming LS,Deming WS,Teller E.On a theory of van der Waals adsorption of gases[J].Journal of American Chemical Society,1940,62(6):1723-1725.
[22]Gregg SJ,Sing KSW.Adsorption,surface area and porosity[M].London:Academic Press,1982.
目录