安徽贵池铜山矽卡岩型铜矿床蚀变矿化分带特征及其成因
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摘要
铜山矽卡岩型铜矿床产于长江中下游铁铜成矿带中的安庆—贵池矿集区。研究区矽卡岩化与矿化发生于碳酸盐岩地层与花岗闪长斑岩间的接触带中,蚀变及矿化具有水平与垂向分带特征。水平方向上,靠近岩体的矽卡岩中石榴子石含量较高,远离岩体的矽卡岩中透辉石含量较高;靠近大理岩带发育钙铁辉石矽卡岩,远离大理岩带的灰岩硅化较强。垂向上,从上到下依次为角岩带、钙质矽卡岩带和镁质矽卡岩带。矿物成分研究表明,靠近岩体处氧化性较强,石榴子石的钙铁榴石端员含量高;铜多富集于含石英脉的岩体、距岩体略远的矽卡岩、角岩或大理岩中,而锌多富集于硅化灰岩及远离岩体的矽卡岩中。研究表明,该矿床中蚀变矿化经历了进变期和退变期,包括接触热变质阶段、进化交代阶段和早退化蚀变阶段、晚退化蚀变阶段。其中,大规模的黄铜矿化主要发生于早退化蚀变阶段,且在岩浆演化晚期进一步富集于斑岩石英脉中。
The Tongshan skarn-type copper deposit is located in the Anqing-Guichi ore concentration area along the lower and middle Yangtze River reaches iron-copper metallogenic belt.In the study area,skarnization and min-eralization occur in the contact zone between carbonate and granodiorite porphyry.Alteration and mineralization show significant horizontal and vertical zoning characteristics.In horizontal zoning,the garnet content of skarns near the pluton is high,the diopside content of skarns far from the pluton is high,and the hedenbergite content of skarns near the marble is also high.The limestone far away from the marble experienced strong silicification.In vertical zoning,hornfels,calcareous skarn and magnesian skarn occur in downward succession.Mineralogical studies show that the skarn zone near the pluton has been relatively strongly oxidized and the garnet in it has relatively high And(andradite end-member).Cu is concentrated in such bodies as porphyries with quartz veins,skarns a bit far from the pluton,and hornfels or marbles,while Zn is usually abundant in silicified limestones and skarns far from the pluton.Studies suggest that the alteration and mineralization of the Tongshan ore deposit experienced the prograde period and the retrograde period.The former period could be divided into the contact metamorphic stage and the prograde metasomatic stage,and the latter into the early retrograde stage and the late retrograde stage.Copper mineralization mainly took place at the early retrograde stage,and was further concentrated in quartz veins of the porphyries during the late stage of magmatic evolution.
The Tongshan skarn-type copper deposit is located in the Anqing-Guichi ore concentration area along the lower and middle Yangtze River reaches iron-copper metallogenic belt.In the study area,skarnization and min-eralization occur in the contact zone between carbonate and granodiorite porphyry.Alteration and mineralization show significant horizontal and vertical zoning characteristics.In horizontal zoning,the garnet content of skarns near the pluton is high,the diopside content of skarns far from the pluton is high,and the hedenbergite content of skarns near the marble is also high.The limestone far away from the marble experienced strong silicification.In vertical zoning,hornfels,calcareous skarn and magnesian skarn occur in downward succession.Mineralogical studies show that the skarn zone near the pluton has been relatively strongly oxidized and the garnet in it has relatively high And(andradite end-member).Cu is concentrated in such bodies as porphyries with quartz veins,skarns a bit far from the pluton,and hornfels or marbles,while Zn is usually abundant in silicified limestones and skarns far from the pluton.Studies suggest that the alteration and mineralization of the Tongshan ore deposit experienced the prograde period and the retrograde period.The former period could be divided into the contact metamorphic stage and the prograde metasomatic stage,and the latter into the early retrograde stage and the late retrograde stage.Copper mineralization mainly took place at the early retrograde stage,and was further concentrated in quartz veins of the porphyries during the late stage of magmatic evolution.
引文
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Singoyi B and Zaw K.2000.Apetrological and fluid inclusion study ofmagnetite-scheelite skarn mineralization at Kara,Northwestern Tas-mania:I mplications for ore genesis[J].Chemical Geology,173:239-253.
Tang J H.2000.Genesis and basic characteristics of layered copper oredeposit in middle-lower reaches of Yangtse river[J].Mineral Re-sources and Geology,14(76):76-80(in Chinese with English ab-stract).
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Vidale R.1969.Metasomatismin a chemical gradient andthe formationof calc-silicate bands[J].American Journal of Science,267:857-874.
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Yu C Hand Yuan X M.1999.The petrochemical and geochemical cha-racteristics of the Tongshan intrusive,Guichi[J].Geology of An-hui,9(3):194-197(in Chinese with English abstract).
Yu C H.2001.Study on the genesis of Tong shan copper ore deposit inGuichi[J].Geology and Prospecting,37(2):12-16(in Chinesewith English abstract).
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Zhou T F,Yuan F,Yue S C,Liu X D,Zhang X and Fan Y.2005Geochemistry and evolution of ore-formingfluids of the Yueshan CuAu skarn-and vein-type deposits,Anhui Province,South China[J]Ore Geology Reviews,31:279-303.
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Calagari A A and Hosseinzadeh G.2006.The mineralogy of copper-bearing skarn to the east of the Sungun-Chay river,East-Azarbaid-jan,Iran[J].Journal of Asian Earth Sciences,28:423-438.
Candela P Aand Piccoli P L.1995.Model ore-metal partitioning frommelt into vapor and vapor/brine mixtures[A].In:Thompson J FH,ed.Magmas,fluids and ore deposits[C].Mineralogical Associa-tion of Canada Short Course Handbook,23:101-127.
Cheng S B,Pang Y C and Cao L.2008.The genesis of Mengya’askarn-type lead-zinc deposit,Tibet[J].Geology and Mineral Re-sources of South China,3:50-56(in Chinese with English ab-stract).
Ciobanu C Land Cook NJ.2003.Skarntextures and a case study:TheOcna de Fier-Dognecea orefield,Banat,Romania[J].Ore GeologyReviews,24:315-370.
Dai J Z,Mao J W,Zhao C S,Xie G Qand Wang Y T.2008.New U-Pb and Re-Os age data and the geodynamic setting of the Xiaojiay-ingzi Mo(Fe)deposit,western Liaoning Province,NortheasternChina[J].Ore Geology Reviews,35:235-244.
Einaudi M T,Meinert L D and Newberry R J.1981.Skarn deposits[J].Economic geology75th anniversary volume,317-391.
Grammatikopoulos T Aand Clark A H.2006.Acomparative study ofwollastonite skarn genesis in the Central Metasedi mentary Belt,southeastern Ontario,Canada[J].Ore Geology Reviews,29:146-161.
Guilbert J Mand Lowell J D.1974.Variationsin zoning patternsin por-phyry copper deposits[J].Canadian Institute of Mining and Metal-lurgy Bulletin,67:99-109.
Hedequinst J W,Arribas Jr Aand Renolds TJ.1998.Evolution of anintrusion-centered hydrothermal system.Far southeast-Lepantoporphyry and epithermal Cu-Au deposits,Philippines[J].EconGeol.,93:373-404.
Hellingwerf R H.1984.Paragenetic zoning and genesis of Cu-Zn-Fe-Pb-As sulfide skarn oresin a Proterozoic Rift Basin,Gruvasen,WesternBergslagen,Sweden[J].Econ.Geol.,79:696-715.
Hietanen A.1962.Metasomatic metamorphismin western ClearwaterCounty,Idaho.U.S[J].Geological Survey Professional Paper344-A,A1-A166.
James A H.1976.Zoned alterationinli mestone at porphyry copper de-posits,Ely,Nevada[J].Econ.Geol.,71:488-512.
Kari mzadeh S Aand Moayyed M.2002.Granite-and gabbrodiorite-asso-ciatedskarn deposits of NWIran[J].Ore Geology Review,20:127-138.
Li L P and Shao J L.1994.Geochemical characteristics of Tongshancopper ore deposit,Guichi,Anhui[J].Geology and Prospecting,3:9-13(in Chinese with English abstract).
Liu L M,Zhao Y L and Zhao X L.2009.Computational modeling oncoupled MTHprocesses for forming skarn Cu deposits andits signifi-cance for deep ore exploration:Examples from Tongling-Anqing dis-trict,China[J].Journal of Geochemical Exploration,101:63.
Liu WH,Xu WX,Dai T Gand Li H.2006.Isotope geochemistry ofthe Yeji wei deposit in the Shizhuyuan W-Sn ore field in Hunanprovince[J].Acta Petrologica Sinica,22(10):2517-2524(in Chi-nese with English Abstact).
Ma Z Dand Shan G X.1997.Geological-geochemical studies of the for-mation mechanismof“integral whole of multiplaces”large andsuper-large copper depositesinthe middle andlower reaches of the YangtzeRiver[J].Mineral Deposits,16(3):225-234(in Chinese withEnglish abstract).
Mao J W,Shao YJ,Xie G Q,ZhangJ Dand Chen YC.2009.Mineraldeposit modle for porphyry-skarn polymetallic copper deposits inTongling ore dense district of Middle-Lower Yangtze valley metallo-genic belt[J].Mineral Deposits,28(2):109-119(in Chinese withEnglish abstract).
Mei Y X,Mao J W,Li J Wand Du AD.2005.Re-Os dating of molyb-denite fromstratiformskarn orebodies in the Datuanshan copper de-posit,Tongling,Anhui Province,andits geological significance[J].Acta Geoscientica Sinica,26(4):327-331(in Chinese with Englishabstract).
Meinert L D.1992.Skarns andskarn deposits[J].Geoscience Canada,19:145-162.
Meinert L D,hedenquist J W,Satoh Hand Matsuhisa Y.2003.Forma-tion of anhydrous and hydrous skarn in Cu-Au ore deposits by mag-matic fluids[J].Econ.Geol.,98:147-156.
Meinert L D,Dipple G Mand Nicolescu S.2005.World skarn deposits[J].Econ.Geol.,100:299-336.
Nicolescu S,Cornell D H,Sodervall Uand Odelius H.1998.Secondaryion mass spectrometry analysis of rare earth elementsin grandite gar-net and other skarn related silicates[J].European Journal of Miner-alogy,10:251-259.
Ochiai K,Tagiri Mand Tanaka H.1993.Behavior of the rare earth ele-ments during the skarn formation at the Kamaishi mine,Japan[J].Resource Geology,43:291-300.
Qiu R L.1991.Multistage carbonatization and mineral geochemistry of askarn-type copper deposit at Tongshan,Guichi[J].Chinese Journalof Geochemistry,10(1):58-67.
Shinohara Hand Kazahaya K.1995.Degassing processes relatedto mag-machamber crystallization[A].In:Thompson J F H,ed.Magmas,fluids and ore deposits[C].Mineralogical Association of CanadaShort Course Handbook,23:47-70.
Singoyi B and Zaw K.2000.Apetrological and fluid inclusion study ofmagnetite-scheelite skarn mineralization at Kara,Northwestern Tas-mania:I mplications for ore genesis[J].Chemical Geology,173:239-253.
Tang J H.2000.Genesis and basic characteristics of layered copper oredeposit in middle-lower reaches of Yangtse river[J].Mineral Re-sources and Geology,14(76):76-80(in Chinese with English ab-stract).
Titley S R.1973.Pyrometasomatism-an alteration type[J].Econ.Geol.,68:1326-1328.
Vidale R.1969.Metasomatismin a chemical gradient andthe formationof calc-silicate bands[J].American Journal of Science,267:857-874.
Wang X,Xiao R G,Yang L P and Wang B.2008.Genesis of garnet skarn of the Xiekeng Cu-Au deposit in Qinghai province[J].Geo-science,22(5):733-742(in Chinese with English abstract).
Wang Y.2003.Ore-controlling character of F1fracture zone of Tong-shan copper deposit[J].Mineral Resources and Geology,17(4):530-532(in Chinese with English abstract).
Xia Y F.1999.Geological characteristics and ore-forming condition ofstratabound skarn-type ore deposits in Tongling district[J].Mine-ral Resources and Geology,13(6):338-342(in Chinese with Eng-lish abstract).
Yu C Hand Yuan X M.1999.The petrochemical and geochemical cha-racteristics of the Tongshan intrusive,Guichi[J].Geology of An-hui,9(3):194-197(in Chinese with English abstract).
Yu C H.2001.Study on the genesis of Tong shan copper ore deposit inGuichi[J].Geology and Prospecting,37(2):12-16(in Chinesewith English abstract).
Zharikov V A.1970.Skarn[J].International Geology Review,12:541-559.
Zheng J M,Xie G Q,Chen M H,Wang S M,Ban C Y and Du J L.2007.Pluton emplacement mechanismconstraint on skarn deposit:Acase study of skarn Fe depositsin Handan-Xingtai area[J].Mine-ral Deposits,26(4):481-486(in Chinese with English abstract).
Zhou S G.2003.Matter source of the Tongshan deposit andits mineral-ization[J].Mineral Resources and Geology,17(5):610-612(inChinese with English abstract).
Zhou T F,Yuan F,Yue S C,Liu X D,Zhang X and Fan Y.2005Geochemistry and evolution of ore-formingfluids of the Yueshan CuAu skarn-and vein-type deposits,Anhui Province,South China[J]Ore Geology Reviews,31:279-303.
Zhou Y E,Zhang Y Yand Shu QS.1996.The geochemistry and gensisof the Tongshan copper ore deposit,Anhui[J].Geology of Anhui,6(2):54-68(in Chinese with English abstract).
Zhou Y E.1997.The characteristics of REEs in some geological bodiesof the Tongshan copper ore deposit and their i mplications[J].Geo-logy of Anhui,7(2):51-58(in Chinese with English abstract).
Zuo R G,Cheng Q M,Agterberg F Pand Xia QL.2008.Evaluation ofthe uncertaintyin esti mation of metal resources of skarntinin South-ern China[J].Ore Geology Reviews,35:415-422.
程顺波,庞迎春,曹亮.2008.西藏蒙亚啊矽卡岩铅锌矿床的成因探讨[J].华南地质与矿产,3:50-56.
李立平,邵洁涟.1994.贵池铜山铜矿微量元素地球化学特征研究[J].地质与勘探,3:9-13.
刘悟辉,徐文火斤,戴塔根,李蘅.2006.湖南柿竹园钨锡多金属矿田野鸡尾矿床同位素地球化学研究[J].岩石学报,22(10):2517-2524.
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