湖南省几种母质类型水稻土土壤肥力特征
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摘要
水稻土是亚热带红壤丘陵区最重要的粮食生产基地,有机质和土壤氮、磷、钾含量等常作为水稻土肥力水平的重要评价指标,可有效的表征土壤的基本肥力状况和供肥强度。选取长沙市郊5种母质类型的水稻土,按土壤发生层的分层取样,研究土壤有机质及氮、磷、钾等养分肥力指标在土壤剖面中的分布特点,探讨亚热带不同母质类型水稻土的供肥特性。结果表明,不同母质类型水稻土剖面各层次有机质含量之间存在显著性差异(P<0.05),耕作层(A)、渗育层(P)显著高于母质层(C)。土壤全氮、碱解氮、速效磷、有效钾含量随土壤深度的增加而减少。不同稻田土壤层次间供肥强度各不相同,碱解氮供应强度介于5.55~7.26之间,有效磷介于1.04~6.31之间,速效钾介于0.45~2.41之间,麻沙泥田的W2层、黄泥田Ⅱ的C层、红黄泥的We层供氮强度明显高于其他层次,河沙泥田、黄泥田Ⅰ则是随深度增加强度减弱。供钾强度和供磷强度在稻田土壤剖面中变化趋势相似,A层相对较强,P层和W层较弱。不同母质稻田土壤整体供肥强度差异明显,黄泥田Ⅱ和红黄泥田供肥强度较高,其次分别是黄泥田Ⅰ、河沙泥田、麻沙泥田。土壤有机质与土壤氮磷的表聚系数存在显著相关,综合供肥强度及表聚性系数,黄泥田Ⅱ的土壤肥力相对较高,红黄泥田、黄泥田Ⅰ的土壤肥力水平次之,河沙泥田和麻沙泥田最低,这与利用第二次全国土壤普查地力分级标准得到的结果一致。
The soil organic matter(OM), nitrogen(N), phosphorus(P) and potassium(K), as soil primary fertility factors, always are effective indicator of soil fertility quality. In the present study, five subtropical paddy soils developed from different parent materials were selected, and take profiles samples with soil formation, analyzed the profile distribution of OM and NPK. The results showed that, the contents of OM differ significantly from various soil layers, as well as different parent materials. And they mainly concentrated on the plough horizon and precogenic horizon, with the lowest value in the waterloggogenic horizon. The contents of NPK decreased markedly with increasing soil depth. The capability of soil nutrient-supply varied with paddy soils developed from different parent materials, alkaline hydrolytic nitrogen between 5.55 with 7.26, available phosphorus was 1.04 to 6.31, and available potassium was 0.45 to 2.41. The capability of soil nutrient-supply also varied with every layer. The capability of soil nitrogen-supply of sub-waterloggogenic horizon and parent material layer was higher to other layers in granite sandy soil and yellow clayey soil Ⅱ, reddish yellow clayey soil. In alluvial sandy soil and yellow clayey soil Ⅰ, it was decreased with the increasing soil depth. It was similar of the capability of soil P and K-supply in profile with the different paddy soil. The rule was the surface higher, and the waterloggogenic horizon lower. There were significant correlation between accumulation coefficient and soil OM and the capability of soil N, P-supply. It was implied that accumulation coefficient also was one of soil fertility factors, like as soil organic matter and nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, and so on. The contents of soil fertility factors decreased with increasing soil depth in different types of subtropical paddy soils, soil fertility of yellow clayey soil Ⅱ was higher, then was reddish yellow clayey soil and yellow clayey soil Ⅰ, the lowest was granite sandy soil and alluvial sandy soil.
The soil organic matter(OM), nitrogen(N), phosphorus(P) and potassium(K), as soil primary fertility factors, always are effective indicator of soil fertility quality. In the present study, five subtropical paddy soils developed from different parent materials were selected, and take profiles samples with soil formation, analyzed the profile distribution of OM and NPK. The results showed that, the contents of OM differ significantly from various soil layers, as well as different parent materials. And they mainly concentrated on the plough horizon and precogenic horizon, with the lowest value in the waterloggogenic horizon. The contents of NPK decreased markedly with increasing soil depth. The capability of soil nutrient-supply varied with paddy soils developed from different parent materials, alkaline hydrolytic nitrogen between 5.55 with 7.26, available phosphorus was 1.04 to 6.31, and available potassium was 0.45 to 2.41. The capability of soil nutrient-supply also varied with every layer. The capability of soil nitrogen-supply of sub-waterloggogenic horizon and parent material layer was higher to other layers in granite sandy soil and yellow clayey soil Ⅱ, reddish yellow clayey soil. In alluvial sandy soil and yellow clayey soil Ⅰ, it was decreased with the increasing soil depth. It was similar of the capability of soil P and K-supply in profile with the different paddy soil. The rule was the surface higher, and the waterloggogenic horizon lower. There were significant correlation between accumulation coefficient and soil OM and the capability of soil N, P-supply. It was implied that accumulation coefficient also was one of soil fertility factors, like as soil organic matter and nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, and so on. The contents of soil fertility factors decreased with increasing soil depth in different types of subtropical paddy soils, soil fertility of yellow clayey soil Ⅱ was higher, then was reddish yellow clayey soil and yellow clayey soil Ⅰ, the lowest was granite sandy soil and alluvial sandy soil.
引文
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[10]马力,杨林章,颜廷梅,等.长期施肥水稻土氮素土壤剖面分布及温度对土壤氮素矿化特性的影响[J].土壤学报,2010,47(2):286-289.
[11]Parham J A,Deng S P,Raun W R,et al.Long-term cattle manure application in soil:I.Effect on soil phosphorous levels,microbial biomass C and dehydrogenase and phosphatase activities[J].Biology and Fertility of Soils,2002,35(5):328-337.
[12]李继明,黄庆海,袁天佑,等.长期施用绿肥对红壤稻田水稻产量和土壤养分的影响[J].植物营养与肥料学报,2011,17(3):563-570.
[13]彭佩钦,张文菊,童成立,等.洞庭湖湿地土壤碳、氮、磷及其与土壤物理性状的关系[J].应用生态学报,2005,16(10):1872-1878.
[14]Sotomayor-Ramírez D,Espinoza Y,Acosta-Martínez.Land use effects on microbial biomass C,β-glucosaminidase activities,and availability,storage,and age of organic C in soil[J].Biology and Fertility of Soils,2009,45(5):487-497.
[15]Christ M J,David M B.Dynamics of extractable organic carbon in Spodosol forest floors[J].Soil Biology and Biochemistry,1996,28(9):1171-1179.
[2]Dercon G,Deckers J,Govers G,et a1.Spatial variability in soil properties on slow-forming terraces in the Andes region of Ecuador[J].Soil and Tillage Research,2003,72(1):31-41.
[3]罗霄,李忠武,叶芳毅,等.基于PI指数模型的南方典型红壤丘陵区稻田土壤肥力评价[J].地理科学,2011,31(4):495-500.
[4]王栋,李辉信,胡锋.不同耕作方式下覆草旱作稻田土壤肥力特征[J].土壤学报,2011,48(6):1203-1209.
[5]苏永中,赵啥林.科尔沁沙地不同土地利用和管理方式对土壤质量性状的影响[J].应用生态学报,2003,14(10):1681-1686.
[6]周卫军,陈建国,谭周进,等.不同施肥对退化稻田土壤肥力恢复的影响[J].生态学杂志,2010,29(1):29-35.
[7]盛浩,周萍,袁红,等.亚热带不同稻田土壤微生物生物量碳的剖面分布特征[J].环境科学,2013,34(4):362-368.
[8]鲁如坤.土壤农业化学分析方法[M].北京:中国农业科技出版社,1999.
[9]吴建军,蒋艳梅,吴愉萍,等.重金属复合污染对水稻土微生物生物量和群落结构的影响[J].土壤学报,2008,45(6):1102-1109.
[10]马力,杨林章,颜廷梅,等.长期施肥水稻土氮素土壤剖面分布及温度对土壤氮素矿化特性的影响[J].土壤学报,2010,47(2):286-289.
[11]Parham J A,Deng S P,Raun W R,et al.Long-term cattle manure application in soil:I.Effect on soil phosphorous levels,microbial biomass C and dehydrogenase and phosphatase activities[J].Biology and Fertility of Soils,2002,35(5):328-337.
[12]李继明,黄庆海,袁天佑,等.长期施用绿肥对红壤稻田水稻产量和土壤养分的影响[J].植物营养与肥料学报,2011,17(3):563-570.
[13]彭佩钦,张文菊,童成立,等.洞庭湖湿地土壤碳、氮、磷及其与土壤物理性状的关系[J].应用生态学报,2005,16(10):1872-1878.
[14]Sotomayor-Ramírez D,Espinoza Y,Acosta-Martínez.Land use effects on microbial biomass C,β-glucosaminidase activities,and availability,storage,and age of organic C in soil[J].Biology and Fertility of Soils,2009,45(5):487-497.
[15]Christ M J,David M B.Dynamics of extractable organic carbon in Spodosol forest floors[J].Soil Biology and Biochemistry,1996,28(9):1171-1179.
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