WEPP模型(坡面版)在贵州石漠化地区土壤侵蚀模拟的适用性评价
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摘要
文章以贵州花江喀斯特石漠化地区为研究区域,利用WEPP模型(坡面版)分别模拟2006年、2010年土壤侵蚀模数,并将实测数据与WEPP模型模拟值作比较,探讨WEPP软件在喀斯特石漠化地区的适用性。研究表明:WEPP模型对于模拟喀斯特石漠化地区土壤侵蚀有较大误差,对土壤侵蚀模数模拟的有效性系数均为负值,不适用于直接计算该区域土壤侵蚀模数。WEPP模型对微度侵蚀模拟精度不够,但能大体反映不同径流小区之间土壤侵蚀强弱的关系和生态修复过程土壤侵蚀的变化趋势。若要应用WEPP模型对喀斯特地区土壤侵蚀模数模拟计算,必须考虑水土的地下漏失、地表裸岩率、地形高度破碎等环境条件。裸岩率、土壤漏失、地形条件等都是WEPP模型修正所必须注意的内容。
The Huajiang demonstration area(total area = 47.63 km~2) in Guizhou Province was used as a study area to assess the applicability of the WEPP(Hillslope Version) model for soil erosion in karst rock desertification areas.The Huajiang demonstration area,which features typical-canyon in karst plateau,covers both sides of Huajiang river between Guanling county and Zhenfeng county in southwest Guizhou.The demonstration area is in the Panjiang syncline composed of Upper and Middle Triassic carbonates,with lime soil.The soil erosion area is 23,62 km~2,that is 49.6%of the total area,indicating that the soil erosion is serious.Using the runoff plot method and the erosion pin technique,the author monitored and simulated soil loss in the demonstration area in 2006 and 2010 using the WEPP model(Hillslope Version).The applicability of the WEPP model to karst rock desertification areas was assessed by comparing monitoring and simulating data,and the Nash-Sutcliffe coefficient was calculated.The simulation results showed relatively large error and the effective coefficients were negative indicating that the WEPP model is not applicable for direct calculation of the soil erosion modulus in the karst areas of Guizhou.Although the simulation accuracy for soil erosion on micro scale is not sufficient,it generally reflects the different soil erosion intensities between different runoff plots and the relationship between the process of ecological restoration and the changing trend of soil erosion.The application of the WEPP model to soil erosion calculation in karst areas must take into account environmental factors such as underground leakage,rate of bedrock outcropping,and highly broken terrain.
The Huajiang demonstration area(total area = 47.63 km~2) in Guizhou Province was used as a study area to assess the applicability of the WEPP(Hillslope Version) model for soil erosion in karst rock desertification areas.The Huajiang demonstration area,which features typical-canyon in karst plateau,covers both sides of Huajiang river between Guanling county and Zhenfeng county in southwest Guizhou.The demonstration area is in the Panjiang syncline composed of Upper and Middle Triassic carbonates,with lime soil.The soil erosion area is 23,62 km~2,that is 49.6%of the total area,indicating that the soil erosion is serious.Using the runoff plot method and the erosion pin technique,the author monitored and simulated soil loss in the demonstration area in 2006 and 2010 using the WEPP model(Hillslope Version).The applicability of the WEPP model to karst rock desertification areas was assessed by comparing monitoring and simulating data,and the Nash-Sutcliffe coefficient was calculated.The simulation results showed relatively large error and the effective coefficients were negative indicating that the WEPP model is not applicable for direct calculation of the soil erosion modulus in the karst areas of Guizhou.Although the simulation accuracy for soil erosion on micro scale is not sufficient,it generally reflects the different soil erosion intensities between different runoff plots and the relationship between the process of ecological restoration and the changing trend of soil erosion.The application of the WEPP model to soil erosion calculation in karst areas must take into account environmental factors such as underground leakage,rate of bedrock outcropping,and highly broken terrain.
引文
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[7]Yu B.Rosewell C J.Evaluation of WEPP for runoff and soil loss prediction at Gunnedah,NSW.Australia[J].Australian Journal of Soil Research,2001,39(5):1131-1145.
[8]Brazier R E,Beven K J.Freer J.et al.Equifinality and uncertainty in physically based soil erosion models:application of the GLUE methodology to WEPP—the Water Erosion Prediction Project—for sites in the UK and USA[J].Earth Surface.Processes and Landforms.2000,25(8):825—845.
[9]Linda Pieri.Marco Bittelli,Joan Q Wu.et al.Using the Water Erosion Prediction Project(WEPP)model to simulate field-observed runoff and erosion in the Apennines mountain range,Italy.Journal of Hydrology,2007,336(1-2):84—97.
[10]Savabi M R,刘秉泽译.用WEPP模型模拟地下排水和地表径流[J].黑龙江水利科技,1996,(2):119—124.
[11]郑粉莉,杨勤科,王占礼.水蚀预报模型研究[J].水土保持研究,2004,11(4):13—24.
[12]杨勤科,李锐.中国水土流失和水土保持定量研究进展[J].土壤保持通报,1998,18(5):13—18.
[13]肖培青,姚文艺.WEPP模型的侵蚀模块理论基础[J].人民黄河,2005,27(6):38—39,50.
[14]刘远利,郑粉莉,王彬.WEPP模型在东北黑土区的适用性评价——以坡度和水保措施为例[J].水土保持通报,2010,30(1):139~H5.
[15]陈晓燕,何丙辉,缪驰远,等.WEPP模型在紫色土坡面侵蚀预测中的应用研究[J].水土保持学报,2003,17(3):42—44,77.
[16]缪驰远,何丙辉,陈晓燕.水蚀模型USLE与WEPP在紫色土水蚀预测中的应用对比研究[J].农业工程学报,2005,21(1):13—16.
[17]莫春华,李新建,陈媛媛.WEPP模型在湿地系统的应用[J].南水北调与水利科技,2008,6(5):90—93,97.
[18]叶俊道,秦富仓,岳永杰,等.WEPP模型在砒砂岩地区土壤侵蚀模拟的适用性研究[J].干旱区资源与环境,2012,26(7):132—135.
[19]王建勋,郑粉莉,江忠善,等.WEPP模型坡面版在黄土丘陵沟壑区的适用性评价——以坡长因子为例[J].水土保持通报,2007,27(2):50—55.
[20]Sweeting M M.Reflections on the development of karst geomorphology in Europe and a comparison with its development in China[J].Zeitschrift fur Geomorphologie,1993.37:127-136.
[21]熊康宁,黎平,周忠发,等.喀斯特石漠化的遥感—GIS典型研究——以贵州省为例[M].北京:地质出版社,2002:22—23.
[22]蔡运龙.中国西南岩溶石山贫困地区的生态重建[J].地球科学进展,1996,11(6):602—606.
[23]何才华.中国地貌与贵州岩溶生态环境[J].贵州师范大学学报(自然科学版),2000,18(3):1—7.
[24]汪文富.贵州普定后寨河流域土壤侵蚀模型与应用研究[J].贵州地质,2001,2(67):99—106.
[25]曾凌云.基于RLJSEL模型的喀斯特地区土壤侵蚀研究——以贵州红枫湖流域为例[D].北京:北京大学,2008.
[26]龙明忠.喀斯特峡镩区生态治理的水土保持效应与土壤侵蚀模型[D].贵阳:贵州师范大学,2006.
[27]高翔,蔡雄飞,王济,等.喀斯特地貌不同坡度下土壤侵蚀经验模型研究[J].贵州农业科学,2013,41(7):111—115.
[28]熊康宁,李晋,龙明忠.典型喀斯特石漠化治理区水土流失特征与关键问题[J].地理学报,2012,67(7),878—888.
[29]刘益军,王昭艳.水力侵蚀预测模型WEPP气象数据的输入方法[J].水土保持科技情报,2003,(4):4—5.
[30]Varleo C,Moin S M A.Variable source area modelling in urbanizing watersheds[J].Journal of Hydrology,2000,228(1):68-81.
[31]戴海伦,苑爽,张科利,等.贵州省降雨侵蚀力时空变化特征研究[J].水土保持研究,2013,20(1):37—41.
[32]张信宝,王世杰,贺秀斌,等.碳酸盐岩风化壳中的土壤蠕滑与岩溶坡地的土壤地下漏失[J].地球与环境,2007,35(3):202—206.
[33]杨武德.红壤坡地不同利用方式土壤侵蚀模型研究[J].土壤侵蚀与水土保持学报.1999,5(1):52—58,68.
[2]Morgan R P C.The European soil erosion model:an update on its structure and research base[C]//Conserving soil resources:European perspectives.Selected papers from the First International Congress of the Society for Soil Conservation.CAB international.1991:286—299.
[3]De Roo A P J.Wesseling C G.Ritsema C J.LISEM:A singleevent,physical based hydrological and soils erosion model for drainage basins in Theory,input and output[J].Hydrological Processes.1996.10(8):1107-1117.
[4]Savabi M R.Modeling subsurface drainage and surface runoff with WEPP[J].Jonrnal of Irrigation and Drainage Engineering,1993,119(5):801-813.
[5]Huang C H,Laflen J M.Bradford J M.Evaluation of the detachment transport coupling concept in the WEPP rill erosion equation[J].Soil Science Society of America Journal.1996.60(3):734-739.
[6]Laflen J M.Flanagan D C.Engel B A.Soil erosion and sediment yield prediction accuracy using WEPP[J].Journal of the American Water Resources Association,2004,40(2):289-297.
[7]Yu B.Rosewell C J.Evaluation of WEPP for runoff and soil loss prediction at Gunnedah,NSW.Australia[J].Australian Journal of Soil Research,2001,39(5):1131-1145.
[8]Brazier R E,Beven K J.Freer J.et al.Equifinality and uncertainty in physically based soil erosion models:application of the GLUE methodology to WEPP—the Water Erosion Prediction Project—for sites in the UK and USA[J].Earth Surface.Processes and Landforms.2000,25(8):825—845.
[9]Linda Pieri.Marco Bittelli,Joan Q Wu.et al.Using the Water Erosion Prediction Project(WEPP)model to simulate field-observed runoff and erosion in the Apennines mountain range,Italy.Journal of Hydrology,2007,336(1-2):84—97.
[10]Savabi M R,刘秉泽译.用WEPP模型模拟地下排水和地表径流[J].黑龙江水利科技,1996,(2):119—124.
[11]郑粉莉,杨勤科,王占礼.水蚀预报模型研究[J].水土保持研究,2004,11(4):13—24.
[12]杨勤科,李锐.中国水土流失和水土保持定量研究进展[J].土壤保持通报,1998,18(5):13—18.
[13]肖培青,姚文艺.WEPP模型的侵蚀模块理论基础[J].人民黄河,2005,27(6):38—39,50.
[14]刘远利,郑粉莉,王彬.WEPP模型在东北黑土区的适用性评价——以坡度和水保措施为例[J].水土保持通报,2010,30(1):139~H5.
[15]陈晓燕,何丙辉,缪驰远,等.WEPP模型在紫色土坡面侵蚀预测中的应用研究[J].水土保持学报,2003,17(3):42—44,77.
[16]缪驰远,何丙辉,陈晓燕.水蚀模型USLE与WEPP在紫色土水蚀预测中的应用对比研究[J].农业工程学报,2005,21(1):13—16.
[17]莫春华,李新建,陈媛媛.WEPP模型在湿地系统的应用[J].南水北调与水利科技,2008,6(5):90—93,97.
[18]叶俊道,秦富仓,岳永杰,等.WEPP模型在砒砂岩地区土壤侵蚀模拟的适用性研究[J].干旱区资源与环境,2012,26(7):132—135.
[19]王建勋,郑粉莉,江忠善,等.WEPP模型坡面版在黄土丘陵沟壑区的适用性评价——以坡长因子为例[J].水土保持通报,2007,27(2):50—55.
[20]Sweeting M M.Reflections on the development of karst geomorphology in Europe and a comparison with its development in China[J].Zeitschrift fur Geomorphologie,1993.37:127-136.
[21]熊康宁,黎平,周忠发,等.喀斯特石漠化的遥感—GIS典型研究——以贵州省为例[M].北京:地质出版社,2002:22—23.
[22]蔡运龙.中国西南岩溶石山贫困地区的生态重建[J].地球科学进展,1996,11(6):602—606.
[23]何才华.中国地貌与贵州岩溶生态环境[J].贵州师范大学学报(自然科学版),2000,18(3):1—7.
[24]汪文富.贵州普定后寨河流域土壤侵蚀模型与应用研究[J].贵州地质,2001,2(67):99—106.
[25]曾凌云.基于RLJSEL模型的喀斯特地区土壤侵蚀研究——以贵州红枫湖流域为例[D].北京:北京大学,2008.
[26]龙明忠.喀斯特峡镩区生态治理的水土保持效应与土壤侵蚀模型[D].贵阳:贵州师范大学,2006.
[27]高翔,蔡雄飞,王济,等.喀斯特地貌不同坡度下土壤侵蚀经验模型研究[J].贵州农业科学,2013,41(7):111—115.
[28]熊康宁,李晋,龙明忠.典型喀斯特石漠化治理区水土流失特征与关键问题[J].地理学报,2012,67(7),878—888.
[29]刘益军,王昭艳.水力侵蚀预测模型WEPP气象数据的输入方法[J].水土保持科技情报,2003,(4):4—5.
[30]Varleo C,Moin S M A.Variable source area modelling in urbanizing watersheds[J].Journal of Hydrology,2000,228(1):68-81.
[31]戴海伦,苑爽,张科利,等.贵州省降雨侵蚀力时空变化特征研究[J].水土保持研究,2013,20(1):37—41.
[32]张信宝,王世杰,贺秀斌,等.碳酸盐岩风化壳中的土壤蠕滑与岩溶坡地的土壤地下漏失[J].地球与环境,2007,35(3):202—206.
[33]杨武德.红壤坡地不同利用方式土壤侵蚀模型研究[J].土壤侵蚀与水土保持学报.1999,5(1):52—58,68.
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