安徽省50年日照时数的变化特征及影响因素
|
摘要
利用安徽省80站1955~2005年逐日日照时数、云量、水汽压、降水量及合肥市能见度资料,采用t检验、线性趋势分析等统计方法,分析了安徽省日照时数年、季节、月的变化特征以及空间分布特征;同时分析了可能影响日照时数的气象因子的变化特征。结果表明:安徽省年日照时数呈显著减少的趋势,平均每10年减少88.3 h;除春季日照时数变化不明显外,其他季节日照时数显著减少。在20世纪60年代末至70年代初和70年代末都存在明显的突变,且都变少。安徽省日照时数大致呈纬向分布,分布形式为北高南低;除淮北市外,其它各站的日照时数均呈下降的趋势,其中下降趋势最大的是淮北的西部和江淮之间中部地区。能见度、大气水汽压、降水量、云量是影响日照时数的因素;日照时数的显著下降与能见度的下降、大气水汽压的增加、年降水量和年雨日数的增加关系密切,而与总云量和低云量的减少无关。
Using the data of sunshine duration and cloud amount,surface vapor pressure,precipitation and visibility from 80 stations across the Anhui Province from year 1955 to 2005,the annual,seasonal and monthly trend and distribution variations of the sunshine duration are analyzed by using linear trend analysis and t-detected.The trend variation of meteorological factor of impacting on sunshine duration is analyzed.It was found that,the annual sunshine duration has shown a significant decreasing tendency during recent 50 years with a decreasing rate of 88.3h/10a.Except for no obvious trend in spring,the decreasing trend occurred in other seasons.Abrupt changes took place from the late 1960s to the early 1970s and in the late 1970s.Distribution of sunshine duration showed high in northern part and low in southern part.Except for increasing trend in Huaibei station,the decreasing trend occurred in other stations with the maximum decreasing trend in the western part of the Huaibei and the intermediate area of Huaihe River and Changjiang River.The decrease of sunshine duration is mainly caused by the significant increase in surface vapor pressure,precipitation,wet days and decreasing visibility.Visibility,surface vapor pressure,precipitation and cloud amount are factors influencing sunshine duration.The evolution of annual mean sum and low cloud amount in Anhui Province was shown to be insignificant and even in decline over the 45 years,exerting less influence on the decreasing trends in the annual sunshine duration.
Using the data of sunshine duration and cloud amount,surface vapor pressure,precipitation and visibility from 80 stations across the Anhui Province from year 1955 to 2005,the annual,seasonal and monthly trend and distribution variations of the sunshine duration are analyzed by using linear trend analysis and t-detected.The trend variation of meteorological factor of impacting on sunshine duration is analyzed.It was found that,the annual sunshine duration has shown a significant decreasing tendency during recent 50 years with a decreasing rate of 88.3h/10a.Except for no obvious trend in spring,the decreasing trend occurred in other seasons.Abrupt changes took place from the late 1960s to the early 1970s and in the late 1970s.Distribution of sunshine duration showed high in northern part and low in southern part.Except for increasing trend in Huaibei station,the decreasing trend occurred in other stations with the maximum decreasing trend in the western part of the Huaibei and the intermediate area of Huaihe River and Changjiang River.The decrease of sunshine duration is mainly caused by the significant increase in surface vapor pressure,precipitation,wet days and decreasing visibility.Visibility,surface vapor pressure,precipitation and cloud amount are factors influencing sunshine duration.The evolution of annual mean sum and low cloud amount in Anhui Province was shown to be insignificant and even in decline over the 45 years,exerting less influence on the decreasing trends in the annual sunshine duration.
引文
[1]Watson R T,the Core Writing Team.Climate Change 2001:Synthesis Report.AContribution of Working Groups I,II andIII to the Third Assessment Report of the IPCC[M].New York:Cambridge University Press,2002.398.
[2]买苗,曾燕,邱新法,等.黄河流域近40年日照百分率的气候变化特征[J].气象,2006,32(5):62~66.[MAI Miao,ZENG Yan,QIUXin-fa,et al.Variation of sunshine percentage for the last40 years in the YellowRiver Basin.Meteoro-logical Monthly,2006,32(5):62-66.]
[3]徐宗学,赵芳芳.黄河流域日照时数变化趋势分析[J].资源科学,2005,27(5):153~159.[XU Zong-xue,ZHAOFang-fang.Variation of sunlight radiation duration in the YellowRiver Basin.Resources Science,2005,27(5):153-159.]
[4]徐宗学,和宛琳.近40年黄河源区气候要素分布特征及变化趋势分析[J].高原气象,2006,25(5):906~913.[XUZong-xue,HE Wan-lin.Spatial and temporal characteristics and change trend of climatic elements in the headwater regionof the Yellow River in recent 40 years.Plateau Meteorology,2006,25(5):906-913.]
[5]毛飞,卢志光,郑凌云,等.近40年那曲地区日照时数和风速变化特征[J].气象,2006,32(9):77~83.[MAO Fei,LUZhi-guang,ZHENG Ling-yun,et al.Variation characteristics of sunshine duration and wind velocity in Naqu,Xizangfor recent 40 years.Meteorological Monthly,2006,32(9):77-83.]
[6]沈?,曾燕,肖卉等.江苏省日照时数的气候特征分析[J].气象科学,2007,27(4):425~429.[SHEN Zhen,ZENGYan,XIAO Hui,et al.Changes of sunshine hours in the rcent40 years over Jiangsu Province.Scientia Meteorological Sini-ca,2007,27(4):425-429.]
[7]石慧兰,王新堂,邵志勇,等.鲁西北52年日照变化特征及原因[J].气象,2007,33(2):93~97.[SHI Hui-lan,WANG Xin-tang,SHAO Zhi-yong,et al.Sunshine change characteristics and its causes in Northwest Shandong for last52years.Meteorological Monthly,2007,33(2):93-97.]
[8]马志福,谭芳.塔里木盆地日照时数分布规律研究及应用[J].资源科学,2000,22(2):40~45.[MA Zhi-fu,TANFang.A study on distribution lawof sunshine hours and their application in Tarim Basin.Resources Science,2000,20(2):40-45.]
[9]张运林,秦伯强,陈伟民,等.太湖无锡地区近40a来日照的变化特征分析[J].气象科学,2003,23,(2):231~237.[ZHANG Yun-lin,QIN Bo-qiang.CHEN Wei-min,et al.The analysis of variation on characteristics of sunshine in therecent forty years in Wuxi region.Scientia Meteorological Sinica,2003,23(2):231-237.]
[10]张智,林莉,孙银川,等.银川市日照时数气候变化特征分析[J].干旱区研究,2006,23(2):344~348.[ZHANGZhi,LIN Li,SUN Yin-chuan,et al.Analysis on climate change characteristics of sunshine duration in Yinchuan City.Arid Zone Research,2006,23(2):344-348.]
[11]王华,牛清明.阿克苏市日照时数的突变检测分析[J].新疆气象,2002,25(3):14~15.[WANG Hua,NIU Qing-ming.Detection and analysis of the sunshine duration catastrophes in Akesu city.Xinjiang Meteorology,2002,25(3):14-15.]
[12]严中伟,季劲钧,叶笃正.60年代北半球夏季气候跃变——(I)降水和温度变化[J].中国科学(B辑),1990,20:97~103.[YAN Zhong-wei,JI Jin-jun,YE Du-zheng.Climate jump over the Northern Hemisphere in summer ofthe 1960s—(I)Changes of precipitation and temperature.Science in China,Ser.B,1990,20:97-103.]
[13]冯妍,何彬方.安徽省近50年最高气温及高温日数时空变化特征[A].中国气象学会2007年年会气候学分会场论文集[C].2007.[HE Bin-fang,FENG Yan.Characteristics of changes on maximum temperature and high temperaturedays in past 50 years in Anhui Province.Climate Subsoiety.Chinese Meteorological Society,2007.]
[14]郁家成,黄小燕,郁阳,等.安徽省沿淮地区梅雨特征及其时空分布分析[J].自然资源学报,2008,23(4):694~704.[YUJia-cheng,HUANG Xiao-yan,YUYang,et al.Analysis of characteristics and space-time distributing of plumrains in the regions along Huaihe Rivier in Anhui Province.Journal ofNatural Resources,2008,23(4):694-704.]
[15]唐国平,李秀彬.气候变化对中国农业生产的影响[J].地理学报,2000,55(2):129~137.[TANG Guo-ping,LIXiu-bin.Climate change and its impacts on China’s agriculture.Acta Geographica Sinica,2000,55(2):129-137.]
[16]魏凤英.现代气候统计诊断预测技术[M].北京:气象出版社,1999.63~75.[WEI Feng-ying.Modern StatisticalAnalysesApplied to Climate.Beijing:Meteorological Press,1999.63-75.]
[17]郭军,任国玉.天津地区近40年日照时数变化特征及其影响因素[J].气象科技,2006,34(4):415~420.[GUOJun,REN Guo-yu.Variation characteristics of sunshine duration in Tianjin in recent 40 years and influential factors.Meteorological Science and Technology,2006,34(4):415-420.]
[18]张浩,谢伟,石春娥.安徽省近50年城市大气能见度变化趋势[J].气象与减灾,2007,(4):52~58.[ZHANG Hao,XIE Wei,SHI Chun-e.Changed trend of city’s atmospheric visibility over Anhui Province last50 years.MeteorologyandDisaster Mitigation,2007,(4):52-58.]
[19]杜军,周明君,罗布次仁,等.近50年拉萨日照时数的变化特征[J].气象科技,2007,35(6):818~821.[DU Jun,ZHOUMing-jun,LUOBUCIREN,et al.Characteristics of sunshine duration variation in Lhasa in 1953-2005.Meteoro-logical Science and Technology,2007,35(6):818-821.]
[20]杜军,边多,胡军,等.西藏近35年日照时数的变化特征及其影响因素[J].地理学报,2007,62(5):492~500.[DUJun,BIAN Duo,HUJun,et al.Climatic changes of sunshine duration and its influencing factors over Tibet during thelast 35 years.Acta Geographica Sinica,2007,62(5):492-500.]
[2]买苗,曾燕,邱新法,等.黄河流域近40年日照百分率的气候变化特征[J].气象,2006,32(5):62~66.[MAI Miao,ZENG Yan,QIUXin-fa,et al.Variation of sunshine percentage for the last40 years in the YellowRiver Basin.Meteoro-logical Monthly,2006,32(5):62-66.]
[3]徐宗学,赵芳芳.黄河流域日照时数变化趋势分析[J].资源科学,2005,27(5):153~159.[XU Zong-xue,ZHAOFang-fang.Variation of sunlight radiation duration in the YellowRiver Basin.Resources Science,2005,27(5):153-159.]
[4]徐宗学,和宛琳.近40年黄河源区气候要素分布特征及变化趋势分析[J].高原气象,2006,25(5):906~913.[XUZong-xue,HE Wan-lin.Spatial and temporal characteristics and change trend of climatic elements in the headwater regionof the Yellow River in recent 40 years.Plateau Meteorology,2006,25(5):906-913.]
[5]毛飞,卢志光,郑凌云,等.近40年那曲地区日照时数和风速变化特征[J].气象,2006,32(9):77~83.[MAO Fei,LUZhi-guang,ZHENG Ling-yun,et al.Variation characteristics of sunshine duration and wind velocity in Naqu,Xizangfor recent 40 years.Meteorological Monthly,2006,32(9):77-83.]
[6]沈?,曾燕,肖卉等.江苏省日照时数的气候特征分析[J].气象科学,2007,27(4):425~429.[SHEN Zhen,ZENGYan,XIAO Hui,et al.Changes of sunshine hours in the rcent40 years over Jiangsu Province.Scientia Meteorological Sini-ca,2007,27(4):425-429.]
[7]石慧兰,王新堂,邵志勇,等.鲁西北52年日照变化特征及原因[J].气象,2007,33(2):93~97.[SHI Hui-lan,WANG Xin-tang,SHAO Zhi-yong,et al.Sunshine change characteristics and its causes in Northwest Shandong for last52years.Meteorological Monthly,2007,33(2):93-97.]
[8]马志福,谭芳.塔里木盆地日照时数分布规律研究及应用[J].资源科学,2000,22(2):40~45.[MA Zhi-fu,TANFang.A study on distribution lawof sunshine hours and their application in Tarim Basin.Resources Science,2000,20(2):40-45.]
[9]张运林,秦伯强,陈伟民,等.太湖无锡地区近40a来日照的变化特征分析[J].气象科学,2003,23,(2):231~237.[ZHANG Yun-lin,QIN Bo-qiang.CHEN Wei-min,et al.The analysis of variation on characteristics of sunshine in therecent forty years in Wuxi region.Scientia Meteorological Sinica,2003,23(2):231-237.]
[10]张智,林莉,孙银川,等.银川市日照时数气候变化特征分析[J].干旱区研究,2006,23(2):344~348.[ZHANGZhi,LIN Li,SUN Yin-chuan,et al.Analysis on climate change characteristics of sunshine duration in Yinchuan City.Arid Zone Research,2006,23(2):344-348.]
[11]王华,牛清明.阿克苏市日照时数的突变检测分析[J].新疆气象,2002,25(3):14~15.[WANG Hua,NIU Qing-ming.Detection and analysis of the sunshine duration catastrophes in Akesu city.Xinjiang Meteorology,2002,25(3):14-15.]
[12]严中伟,季劲钧,叶笃正.60年代北半球夏季气候跃变——(I)降水和温度变化[J].中国科学(B辑),1990,20:97~103.[YAN Zhong-wei,JI Jin-jun,YE Du-zheng.Climate jump over the Northern Hemisphere in summer ofthe 1960s—(I)Changes of precipitation and temperature.Science in China,Ser.B,1990,20:97-103.]
[13]冯妍,何彬方.安徽省近50年最高气温及高温日数时空变化特征[A].中国气象学会2007年年会气候学分会场论文集[C].2007.[HE Bin-fang,FENG Yan.Characteristics of changes on maximum temperature and high temperaturedays in past 50 years in Anhui Province.Climate Subsoiety.Chinese Meteorological Society,2007.]
[14]郁家成,黄小燕,郁阳,等.安徽省沿淮地区梅雨特征及其时空分布分析[J].自然资源学报,2008,23(4):694~704.[YUJia-cheng,HUANG Xiao-yan,YUYang,et al.Analysis of characteristics and space-time distributing of plumrains in the regions along Huaihe Rivier in Anhui Province.Journal ofNatural Resources,2008,23(4):694-704.]
[15]唐国平,李秀彬.气候变化对中国农业生产的影响[J].地理学报,2000,55(2):129~137.[TANG Guo-ping,LIXiu-bin.Climate change and its impacts on China’s agriculture.Acta Geographica Sinica,2000,55(2):129-137.]
[16]魏凤英.现代气候统计诊断预测技术[M].北京:气象出版社,1999.63~75.[WEI Feng-ying.Modern StatisticalAnalysesApplied to Climate.Beijing:Meteorological Press,1999.63-75.]
[17]郭军,任国玉.天津地区近40年日照时数变化特征及其影响因素[J].气象科技,2006,34(4):415~420.[GUOJun,REN Guo-yu.Variation characteristics of sunshine duration in Tianjin in recent 40 years and influential factors.Meteorological Science and Technology,2006,34(4):415-420.]
[18]张浩,谢伟,石春娥.安徽省近50年城市大气能见度变化趋势[J].气象与减灾,2007,(4):52~58.[ZHANG Hao,XIE Wei,SHI Chun-e.Changed trend of city’s atmospheric visibility over Anhui Province last50 years.MeteorologyandDisaster Mitigation,2007,(4):52-58.]
[19]杜军,周明君,罗布次仁,等.近50年拉萨日照时数的变化特征[J].气象科技,2007,35(6):818~821.[DU Jun,ZHOUMing-jun,LUOBUCIREN,et al.Characteristics of sunshine duration variation in Lhasa in 1953-2005.Meteoro-logical Science and Technology,2007,35(6):818-821.]
[20]杜军,边多,胡军,等.西藏近35年日照时数的变化特征及其影响因素[J].地理学报,2007,62(5):492~500.[DUJun,BIAN Duo,HUJun,et al.Climatic changes of sunshine duration and its influencing factors over Tibet during thelast 35 years.Acta Geographica Sinica,2007,62(5):492-500.]
目录