湖南锑冶炼业砷碱渣致水源性砷中毒特征分析与控制对策
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摘要
目的探讨湖南锑冶炼砷废渣致水源性砷中毒的流行病学特征,为防治水源性砷中毒提供科学依据。方法运用回顾性流行病学方法对水源性砷中毒进行调查分析。结果水源性砷中毒,主要是砷碱渣污染水源所致,主要特征为急性和亚急性中毒,具有突发性、隐匿性、群体性,分布为饮同一水源,其年龄、性别无差异,可累及神经系统、消化系统、心血管系统以及血液、泌尿系统。根据患者的尿样及饮用水源的砷含量显著增高,可以确诊。结论通过对湖南锑冶炼业砷污染水源致砷中毒调查发现,水源性砷中毒具有一定的特征性,据此可以早期诊断和及时处理。预防砷对水源的污染,砷中毒事故是可以控制的。
Objective To explore the epidemiological characteristics of acute and subacute arsenic poisoning due to drinking water source pollution by arsenic-alkali residue from antimony metallurgical enterprise in Hunan area,so as to provide scientific basis for the prevention and treatment of waterborne arsenic poisoning.Methods A waterborne arsenic poisoning was investigated and analyzed by retrospective epidemiology.Results The waterborne arsenic poisoning was mainly due to water source pollution by arsenic from arsenic-alkali residue released from the antimony metallurgical enterprise.It mainly manifested acute and subacute poisoning,which was sudden,latent and colonial.The sufferers shared the same drinking water source.The incidence was not different among different age and sexes.Their nervous,digestive,cardiovascular,blood and urinary system could be inflicted.The diagnosis could be confirmed by elevated arsenic levels in the urine and drinking water source.Conclusions The retrospective epidemiological investigation of the arsenic poisoning due to drinking water source pollution by arsenic-alkali residue from antimony metallurgical enterprise in Hunan area indicates that the arsenic poisoning has established characteristics helpful for its early diagnosis and timely treatment.The arsenic poisoning accident can be contained if the drinking water sources are protected against arsenic pollution.
Objective To explore the epidemiological characteristics of acute and subacute arsenic poisoning due to drinking water source pollution by arsenic-alkali residue from antimony metallurgical enterprise in Hunan area,so as to provide scientific basis for the prevention and treatment of waterborne arsenic poisoning.Methods A waterborne arsenic poisoning was investigated and analyzed by retrospective epidemiology.Results The waterborne arsenic poisoning was mainly due to water source pollution by arsenic from arsenic-alkali residue released from the antimony metallurgical enterprise.It mainly manifested acute and subacute poisoning,which was sudden,latent and colonial.The sufferers shared the same drinking water source.The incidence was not different among different age and sexes.Their nervous,digestive,cardiovascular,blood and urinary system could be inflicted.The diagnosis could be confirmed by elevated arsenic levels in the urine and drinking water source.Conclusions The retrospective epidemiological investigation of the arsenic poisoning due to drinking water source pollution by arsenic-alkali residue from antimony metallurgical enterprise in Hunan area indicates that the arsenic poisoning has established characteristics helpful for its early diagnosis and timely treatment.The arsenic poisoning accident can be contained if the drinking water sources are protected against arsenic pollution.
引文
[1]中华人民共和国国家职业卫生标准.GBZ2.1-2007,工作场所有害因素职业接触限值.第1部分:化学有害因素[S].
[2]NIOSH.Criteria for recommended standard occupational exposure to an-timony[Z].1978.
[3]苏长征,游锡清,杨蔚林,等.1961年某市锑炼厂含砷炉渣导致水源性砷中毒的回顾性调查[J].中国农村医学杂志,2007,19(1):71-72.
[4]肖思辉,邹放云,肖英才.锑废渣污染井水致8例急性砷中毒报告[J].实用预防医学,1995,2(4):238.
[5]赵伟民,张建设,刘和明.一起饮用受砷污染井水致砷中毒的调查报告[J].实用预防医学,1997,4(1):36.
[6]王杰.一起环境污染致急性砷中毒的调查[J].实用预防医学,2012,19(1):71-72.
[7]国家职业卫生标准.GBZ72-2002,职业性急性隐匿性化学物中毒诊断规则[S].法律出版社,2002.5.
[2]NIOSH.Criteria for recommended standard occupational exposure to an-timony[Z].1978.
[3]苏长征,游锡清,杨蔚林,等.1961年某市锑炼厂含砷炉渣导致水源性砷中毒的回顾性调查[J].中国农村医学杂志,2007,19(1):71-72.
[4]肖思辉,邹放云,肖英才.锑废渣污染井水致8例急性砷中毒报告[J].实用预防医学,1995,2(4):238.
[5]赵伟民,张建设,刘和明.一起饮用受砷污染井水致砷中毒的调查报告[J].实用预防医学,1997,4(1):36.
[6]王杰.一起环境污染致急性砷中毒的调查[J].实用预防医学,2012,19(1):71-72.
[7]国家职业卫生标准.GBZ72-2002,职业性急性隐匿性化学物中毒诊断规则[S].法律出版社,2002.5.
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