贵州省正安县留守人群贫血流行病学调查
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摘要
目的了解贵州省正安县留守人群的贫血患病情况、影响因素以及对缺铁性贫血(IDA)防治知识的知晓度。方法选取正安县县城及其管辖的5个乡镇602名留守人群作为调查对象,按区域划分为县城组(203名)和乡镇组(399名)采用问卷调查的方式对其IDA患病情况、饮食习惯、个人及家庭基本情况和IDA防治知识进行调查、了解。结果调查对象中133名(22.1%)现患或曾经5年内患贫血,其中男41名,女92名;男性5年贫血患病率为17.7%(41/232),女性为24.9%(92/370),二者比较,差异有统计学意义(χ2=4.286,P=0.038);县城组203名中,5年内患贫血34名(16.7%),乡镇组399名中,5年内患贫血99名(24.8%),二者比较,差异有统计学意义(χ2=5.082,P=0.024);调查对象中418名(69.4%)有饮浓茶的习惯。男性调查对象中患贫血41名,其中有饮浓茶习惯35名(85.4%);未患贫血的191名中,134名(70.2%)有饮浓茶的习惯,二者比较,差异有统计学意义(χ2=3.947,P=0.047);调查对象中157名(26.1%)以植物性膳食为主(平均1 d中肉、蛋、禽、鱼的总量低于125 g)。患贫血的133名中,以植物性膳食为主者53名(39.8%),未患贫血的469名中,以植物性膳食为主者104名(22.2%),二者比较,差异有统计学意义(χ2=16.791,P<0.01);大部分人对IDA的易患人群、病因、症状、危害、治疗以及预防措施等相关知识了解度不足。结论正安县留守人群饮浓茶和植物性膳食为主的饮食习惯是导致该地区贫血患病率较高的原因之一,且IDA防治知识知晓度低,改变饮食习惯结合加强IDA防治知识的宣传是降低该地区贫血患病率的有效方法。
Objective To understand the prevalence and influencing factors of anemia,and the awareness of prevention and treatment knowledge to iron deficiency anemia(IDA) among the rural left-behind population in Zheng′an county of Guizhou province. Methods A total of 602 left-behind people from 5 villages and towns in Zheng′an county were selected as respondents and obivided into county group(n=203) and town group(n=399) by territory,and the questionnaire survey was conducted to investigate prevalence of IDA,dietary habits,individual and family basic situation,and prevention and treatment knowledge to IDA.Results Among all the respondents,133 cases(22.1%) were or had been with anemia within 5 years including 41 males and 92females;the prevalence rate of anemia within 5 years was 17.7%(41/232) in male and 24.9%(92/370) in female,and the difference had statistical significance(χ2=4.286,P=0.038);among the 203 cases of county group,34 case(16.7%) had anemia within 5years,while among 399 cases of town group,99 cases(24.8%) had anemia within 5 years,and the difference between the two groups had statistical significance(χ2=5.082,P=0.024);418 cases(69.4%) of all the respondents had habit of drinking strong tea;among the 41 male left-behind people with anemia,35 cases(85.4%) had habit of drinking strong tea,134 cases(70.2%) form191 left-behind people without anemia had habit of drinking strong tea,and the difference had statistical significance(χ2=3.947,P=0.047);among all the respondents,157 case(26.1%) relied maily on plant food(average total intake of meat,egg and fish was less than 125 g per day),among the 133 people with anemia,53 cases(39.8%) were mainly on plant food,while the other 469 people without anemia,104 cases(22.2%) were mainly on plant food,and the difference was statistically significant difference(χ2=16.791,P<0.001);most of people know insufficiently about IDA related knowledge including liability,pathogeny,symptoms,harm,treatment,precautionary measures and so on. Conclusion The dietary habit of drinking strong tea and plant-based meals of left-behind people in Zheng′an county is one of the reasons of higher anemia prevalence,moreover,awareness degree of precautionary knowledge to IDA is low. Changing dietary habits and strengthening precautionary knowledge to IDA are effective way to reduce prevalence rate of anemia in this areas.
Objective To understand the prevalence and influencing factors of anemia,and the awareness of prevention and treatment knowledge to iron deficiency anemia(IDA) among the rural left-behind population in Zheng′an county of Guizhou province. Methods A total of 602 left-behind people from 5 villages and towns in Zheng′an county were selected as respondents and obivided into county group(n=203) and town group(n=399) by territory,and the questionnaire survey was conducted to investigate prevalence of IDA,dietary habits,individual and family basic situation,and prevention and treatment knowledge to IDA.Results Among all the respondents,133 cases(22.1%) were or had been with anemia within 5 years including 41 males and 92females;the prevalence rate of anemia within 5 years was 17.7%(41/232) in male and 24.9%(92/370) in female,and the difference had statistical significance(χ2=4.286,P=0.038);among the 203 cases of county group,34 case(16.7%) had anemia within 5years,while among 399 cases of town group,99 cases(24.8%) had anemia within 5 years,and the difference between the two groups had statistical significance(χ2=5.082,P=0.024);418 cases(69.4%) of all the respondents had habit of drinking strong tea;among the 41 male left-behind people with anemia,35 cases(85.4%) had habit of drinking strong tea,134 cases(70.2%) form191 left-behind people without anemia had habit of drinking strong tea,and the difference had statistical significance(χ2=3.947,P=0.047);among all the respondents,157 case(26.1%) relied maily on plant food(average total intake of meat,egg and fish was less than 125 g per day),among the 133 people with anemia,53 cases(39.8%) were mainly on plant food,while the other 469 people without anemia,104 cases(22.2%) were mainly on plant food,and the difference was statistically significant difference(χ2=16.791,P<0.001);most of people know insufficiently about IDA related knowledge including liability,pathogeny,symptoms,harm,treatment,precautionary measures and so on. Conclusion The dietary habit of drinking strong tea and plant-based meals of left-behind people in Zheng′an county is one of the reasons of higher anemia prevalence,moreover,awareness degree of precautionary knowledge to IDA is low. Changing dietary habits and strengthening precautionary knowledge to IDA are effective way to reduce prevalence rate of anemia in this areas.
引文
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[2]Bergamaschi G,Markopoulos K,Albertini R,et al.Anemia of chronic disease and defective erythropoietin production in patients with celiac disease[J].Haematologica,2008,93(12):1785-1791.
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[4]Yi SW,Han YJ,Ohrr H.Anemia before pregnancy and risk of preterm birth,low birth weight and small-for-gestational-age birth in Korean women[J].Eur J Clin Nutr,2013,67(4):337-342.
[5]Wieringa FT,Dijkhuizen MA,West CE,et al.Redistribution of vitamin A after iron supplementation in Indonesian infants[J].Am J Clin Nutr,2003,77(3):65l-657.
[6]王陇德.中国居民营养与健康状况调查报告之一[M].北京:人民卫生出版社,2005,6:39-41.
[7]曹霞,樊利春,王洁,等.海南省孕产妇贫血流行病学调查[J].现代预防医学,2013,40(17):3185-3189.
[8]袁智敏,王蕴慧,刘翠冰.中、晚期孕妇缺铁性贫血的调查分析[J].中国妇幼健康研究,2011,22(4):412-415.
[9]徐雨虹,金瑞娟.跨理论模型的健康教育在妊娠女性ID A治疗中的效果[J].中国妇幼健康研究,2014,25(2):317-319.
[10]景晔,王莉,周英杰,等.天津地区学龄前儿童缺铁性贫血流行病学调查研究[J].中国卫生检验杂志,2012,22(11):2760-2763.
[11]肖英,刘燕.孕期营养干预与预防孕妇缺铁性贫血[J].重庆医学,2013,42(22):2692-2696.
[12]Wang YY,Chen CM,Wang FZ,et al.Effects of nutrient fortifled complementary food supplements on anemia of infants and young children in poor rural of Gansu[J].Biomed Emviron Sci,2009,22(3):194-200.
[13]肖立强.钩虫病致缺铁性贫血12例误诊分析[J].临床误诊误治,2013,26(8):5-7.
[2]Bergamaschi G,Markopoulos K,Albertini R,et al.Anemia of chronic disease and defective erythropoietin production in patients with celiac disease[J].Haematologica,2008,93(12):1785-1791.
[3]World Health Organization.Worldwide prevalence of anaemia1993-2005[M].Geneva:World Health Organization,2008:1-40.
[4]Yi SW,Han YJ,Ohrr H.Anemia before pregnancy and risk of preterm birth,low birth weight and small-for-gestational-age birth in Korean women[J].Eur J Clin Nutr,2013,67(4):337-342.
[5]Wieringa FT,Dijkhuizen MA,West CE,et al.Redistribution of vitamin A after iron supplementation in Indonesian infants[J].Am J Clin Nutr,2003,77(3):65l-657.
[6]王陇德.中国居民营养与健康状况调查报告之一[M].北京:人民卫生出版社,2005,6:39-41.
[7]曹霞,樊利春,王洁,等.海南省孕产妇贫血流行病学调查[J].现代预防医学,2013,40(17):3185-3189.
[8]袁智敏,王蕴慧,刘翠冰.中、晚期孕妇缺铁性贫血的调查分析[J].中国妇幼健康研究,2011,22(4):412-415.
[9]徐雨虹,金瑞娟.跨理论模型的健康教育在妊娠女性ID A治疗中的效果[J].中国妇幼健康研究,2014,25(2):317-319.
[10]景晔,王莉,周英杰,等.天津地区学龄前儿童缺铁性贫血流行病学调查研究[J].中国卫生检验杂志,2012,22(11):2760-2763.
[11]肖英,刘燕.孕期营养干预与预防孕妇缺铁性贫血[J].重庆医学,2013,42(22):2692-2696.
[12]Wang YY,Chen CM,Wang FZ,et al.Effects of nutrient fortifled complementary food supplements on anemia of infants and young children in poor rural of Gansu[J].Biomed Emviron Sci,2009,22(3):194-200.
[13]肖立强.钩虫病致缺铁性贫血12例误诊分析[J].临床误诊误治,2013,26(8):5-7.
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