云南个旧锡矿山地质环境模型
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摘要
文章以重金属元素为研究对象,在系统野外采样与分析工作的基础上,给出了云南个旧锡矿山的地质环境模型。影响环境的因素有:个旧原生矿床富含多金属硫化物,氧化后易生成酸;碳酸盐可以消耗硫化物氧化所产生的酸并可防止金属的迁移。矿山开发之前由矿床向环境释放的元素重量,Cu为1.21万吨、Pb为7.0万吨、Cd为101.91吨、As为1.2万吨、Sn为2.33万吨。总体上个旧矿区水的环境质量较好。土壤环境则受矿山采-选-冶活动的影响,在卡房、牛屎坡、云锡二冶等地重金属元素严重超标,比对照区和国家三级土壤标准高出许多倍,云锡集团冶炼厂的烟囱排尘为重金属的重要污染源之一。牛坝荒尾砂库复垦之后,显示下伏尾砂对上覆的土壤有一定的影响。
Based on systematic sampling and analysis of heavy metal elements,this study built a geological environmental model for the Gejiu stannum ore in Yunnan.Factors affecting environment include:polymetallic sulfides in the Gejiu primary mineral easily give the birth to acid due to oxidation;carbonate can consumes acid result from process of oxidation of sulfide and stop transfer of metals and etc.Tonnage of the metals discharged to the surrounding areas before mining is:12100 tons of Cu,70000 tons of Pb,101.96 tons of Cd,12000 tons of As,and 23300 tons of Sn,indicating that the Gejiu area enjoyed a quality environment.Influenced by the mining,dressing and smelting,the soil quality has been worsen by heavy metals in the study areas such as Kafang,Niushipo,and Yunxi,which are several time higher than the state standard of class C land.Dust emission of refining works of Yunxi Group has become one of the main pollution sources of heavy metals.Therefore,tailing will have some effect on overlying surface soil after recultivation of tailing reservoir in Niubahuang.
Based on systematic sampling and analysis of heavy metal elements,this study built a geological environmental model for the Gejiu stannum ore in Yunnan.Factors affecting environment include:polymetallic sulfides in the Gejiu primary mineral easily give the birth to acid due to oxidation;carbonate can consumes acid result from process of oxidation of sulfide and stop transfer of metals and etc.Tonnage of the metals discharged to the surrounding areas before mining is:12100 tons of Cu,70000 tons of Pb,101.96 tons of Cd,12000 tons of As,and 23300 tons of Sn,indicating that the Gejiu area enjoyed a quality environment.Influenced by the mining,dressing and smelting,the soil quality has been worsen by heavy metals in the study areas such as Kafang,Niushipo,and Yunxi,which are several time higher than the state standard of class C land.Dust emission of refining works of Yunxi Group has become one of the main pollution sources of heavy metals.Therefore,tailing will have some effect on overlying surface soil after recultivation of tailing reservoir in Niubahuang.
引文
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庞春勇,周永章.2003.矿业开发中环境影响的生态环境地质评价.矿产与地质,17(5):641~644.
汪明启,王瑞江,陈仁义,严光.2006.新的资源-勘查一体化评价观及建议.地球与环境,34(2):41~46.
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地质部西南地质局五零一勘探队.1995.个旧矿区地质勘探报告书.(全国地质资料馆).
毛宝霖.1981.坑下10种元素与肺癌发病趋势的相关分析.冶金劳动卫生,7(3),129~131.
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毛宝霖,董永龄.1984.云锡坑下影响氡浓度因素的探讨.肿瘤防治研究,11:6~8.
张辅明,姚书祥,杨笑欧.1985.云南锡业公司职工肺癌流行病学研究.工业卫生与职业病,11(6):343~346.
孙来华,姬学敏,晋萍,宣琼芬,刘崇林.1994.云锡矿工痰细胞中粉尘的扫描电镜分析.中华劳动卫生职业病杂志,12(6):356~357.
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Bramf Noble and Keith Storey.2003.Towards a structured approachto strategic environmental assessment.Journal ofEnvironmental Assessment Policy and Management,3(4):483~508.
Orlvoe A D.1995.Pilot study of sources of lead exposure inMoscow,Russia.Environmental Geochemistry and health,17(4):200~210.
Dang zhi,Fowler.1997.Geochemical behavior of heavy metalsduring the natural weathering of coal mine spoil.Progress inNatural science,7(6):700~706.
Edward A.du Bray(王安建等译).1999.矿床地质环境模型.中国地质科学院成矿远景区划室编译:1~9.
Walder I F,Chavez W X et al.1995.Mineralogical and geochemicalbehavior of mill tailing material produced fromlead-zinc skarnmineralization,Hanover,Grant,County,New Mexico,USA.Environmental Geology,(26):1~18.
Wu Pan,Liu Conggiang and Yang Yuangen et al.2001.Release andtransport of(heavy)metals and their environmental effect inmining activities.Acta Mineralogica Sinica.21(2):213~218.
Whiteley J.D.2003.Metal distribution during diagenesis in thecontaminated sediments of Dulas Bay,Anglesey,N.Wales,UK.Applied Chemistry,(18):901~903.
Shao Xiaohou,Xing Guangxi,Hou Wenhua.1994.Research onsequential extraction of heavy metal speciation in soil.Progressin Soil Science,22(3):40~46.
Urasa I.T,Macha S.F.1996.Speciation of heavy metals in soils,sediments,and sludge using DC-plasma atomic emissionspectrometry coupled withion chromatograph.Intern J EnvironAnnal chem,64(2):83~95.
庞春勇,周永章.2003.矿业开发中环境影响的生态环境地质评价.矿产与地质,17(5):641~644.
汪明启,王瑞江,陈仁义,严光.2006.新的资源-勘查一体化评价观及建议.地球与环境,34(2):41~46.
汤中立,李小虎,焦建刚,阎海卿.2005.矿山地质环境问题及防治对策.地球科学与环境学报,27(2):1~4.
赵元艺,张光第,蔡剑辉,王景来,李文志.2003.兴铜矿床地质环境模型初探.西北地质,36(增刊):126~129.
赵元艺,王金生,李德先,蔡剑辉,初娜,张光弟,李九玲,熊群尧.2007.矿床地质环境模型与环境评价.北京:地质出版社,1~327.
初娜,赵元艺,张光弟,杨慧.2008.江西省德兴铜矿矿区重金属元素的环境效应.地质学报,82(4):562~575.
初娜,赵元艺,张光弟,张勤,蔡剑辉,熊群尧,李德先,王金生,赵金艳.2007.德兴铜矿低品位矿石堆浸场与大坞河流域土壤重金属元素形态的环境特征.地质学报,81(5):670~683.
赵元艺,于宝洵,初娜,张光弟,王金生,蔡剑辉.2009.矿床地质环境模型及其在江西德兴铜矿中的应用.地质通报,28(1):99~117.
冶金工业部西南冶金地质勘探公司编著.1984.个旧锡矿地质.北京:冶金工业出版社.
地质部西南地质局五零一勘探队.1995.个旧矿区地质勘探报告书.(全国地质资料馆).
毛宝霖.1981.坑下10种元素与肺癌发病趋势的相关分析.冶金劳动卫生,7(3),129~131.
孙世荃,盂宪钰,袁丽云,尤占云,刘胜恩,杨效欧,杨兰,陈洪域.1982.云南个旧锡矿矿工肺癌病因学分析.辐射防护,1(2):1~8.
毛宝霖,董永龄.1984.云锡坑下影响氡浓度因素的探讨.肿瘤防治研究,11:6~8.
张辅明,姚书祥,杨笑欧.1985.云南锡业公司职工肺癌流行病学研究.工业卫生与职业病,11(6):343~346.
孙来华,姬学敏,晋萍,宣琼芬,刘崇林.1994.云锡矿工痰细胞中粉尘的扫描电镜分析.中华劳动卫生职业病杂志,12(6):356~357.
姚树祥,毛宝霖,罗学昌,等.2000.砷与锡冶炼工肺癌.中国肿瘤,9(4):168~169.
Bramf Noble and Keith Storey.2003.Towards a structured approachto strategic environmental assessment.Journal ofEnvironmental Assessment Policy and Management,3(4):483~508.
Orlvoe A D.1995.Pilot study of sources of lead exposure inMoscow,Russia.Environmental Geochemistry and health,17(4):200~210.
Dang zhi,Fowler.1997.Geochemical behavior of heavy metalsduring the natural weathering of coal mine spoil.Progress inNatural science,7(6):700~706.
Edward A.du Bray(王安建等译).1999.矿床地质环境模型.中国地质科学院成矿远景区划室编译:1~9.
Walder I F,Chavez W X et al.1995.Mineralogical and geochemicalbehavior of mill tailing material produced fromlead-zinc skarnmineralization,Hanover,Grant,County,New Mexico,USA.Environmental Geology,(26):1~18.
Wu Pan,Liu Conggiang and Yang Yuangen et al.2001.Release andtransport of(heavy)metals and their environmental effect inmining activities.Acta Mineralogica Sinica.21(2):213~218.
Whiteley J.D.2003.Metal distribution during diagenesis in thecontaminated sediments of Dulas Bay,Anglesey,N.Wales,UK.Applied Chemistry,(18):901~903.
Shao Xiaohou,Xing Guangxi,Hou Wenhua.1994.Research onsequential extraction of heavy metal speciation in soil.Progressin Soil Science,22(3):40~46.
Urasa I.T,Macha S.F.1996.Speciation of heavy metals in soils,sediments,and sludge using DC-plasma atomic emissionspectrometry coupled withion chromatograph.Intern J EnvironAnnal chem,64(2):83~95.
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