贵州梵净山群沉积时代——来自原位锆石U-Pb测年证据
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摘要
贵州梵净山地区地层出露完整,构造关系清楚,是研究江南造山带西南段构造演化的理想地区。该区区域角度不整合面之下地层称为梵净山群,分为7个岩性组,中部出现大量火山岩,形成一个完整的盆地沉积记录。对该区梵净山群地层中的火山碎屑岩夹层及细碎屑岩中的锆石进行了LA-ICP-MS U-Pb测年工作,结果显示,两件火山碎屑岩锆石平均U-Pb年龄分别为832 Ma(铜厂组)和851 Ma(余家沟组);另外两件余家沟组细碎屑岩中锆石原位U-Pb测年结果比较接近,平均年龄分别为845 Ma和849 Ma。结合前人数据可以比较精确限定梵净山群的沉积时限在855~815 Ma之间。该时段的上限精确限定了武陵/四堡运动界面的时限,为江南造山带不同部位地质事件的合理对比、了解江南造山带地质事件的时空迁移规律提供了基础资料。
Located between the Yangtze massif and the Cathaysian block,the Jiangnan orogenic belt is composed of a series of Pre-Sinian low-grade meta-volcaniclastic rocks.Between the Sinian and the Pre-Sinian strata,there is a regional angular unconformity.Within the Pre-Sinian strata,there are several local unconformities,whose precise ages and tectonic affinities play a significant role in understanding the tectonic evolution of the Jiangnan orogen.Unfortunately,the tectonic models of the Jiangnan orogen based on data available fail to consider these unconformities and regard the Neoproterozoic period as a continuous tectonic evolution episode.In the Guizhou-Guangxi-Hunan border area,the unconformity within the Neo-Proterozoic Qingbaikou System defines the Wuling or Sibao Movement.A growing body of high-quality in situ zircon geochronologic data has demonstrated that the Jiangnan orogen is mainly composed of Neoproterozoic geological bodies rather than Middle Proterozoic ones,and this rules out the possibility that the Wuling/Sibao Movement is of Grenville episode.Thus,precise dating of the strata below this unconformity plays a fundamental role in tectonic reconstruction of the Jiangnan orogenic belt.The Fanjingshan area in eastern Guizhou Province lies in the southwest segment of the Jiangnan orogen,where strata with variable ages are well exposed with clear structural relationships,and hence this area is an ideal area for studying tectonic evolution of the Jiangnan orogen.The Pre-Nanhua strata in the Fanjingshan area are assigned to the Fanjingshan Group consisting of seven formations.From the bottom upwards,the grain size of the sediments decreases,suggesting a complete basin sedimentary sequence.The middle segment of the Fanjingshan Group consists of numerous volcanic rocks comprising basalt,tuff,and volcaniclastic rocks.This paper reports four in-situ zircon LA-ICP-MS U-Pb dating results to precisely constrain the sedimentation time of the Fanjingshan Group.CL images reveal that the fine-grained zircons from these samples have similar internal structures.Most zircons have well-preserved sector zoning,like those derived from a mafic rock,while the zoning of some zircons has been partially destroyed probably due to late stage fluid activity.In some zircon grains,zoning is totally absent.LA-ICP-MS U-Pb analyses indicate that all the zircons without zoning have 206Pb/238U ages older than 1.0 Ga;on the other hand,the zircons whose zoning has been destroyed yielded unusually low 206Pb/238U age value down to 50 Ma.Analyses of other grains yielded accordant 206Pb/238U ages,showing slightly different weighted mean ages of various samples.Two volcanic samples yielded weighted mean zircon U-Pb ages of 832 Ma(MSWD=6.5,the Tongchang Formation) and 851 Ma(MSWD=1.5,the Yujiagou Formation) respectively,whereas analyses of two fine volcaniclastic samples from the Yujiagou Formation yielded weighted mean detrital zircon U-Pb ages of 849 Ma(MSWD=8.9)and 845 Ma(MSWD=1.18),respectively.These new data,along with previously published data,demonstrate that the Fanjingshan Group was deposited during the period of 850~815 Ma,which precisely constrains the timing of the Wuling/Sibao Movement,provides critical data for geological correlation,and helps understand the possible tectonic evolution of the Jiangnan orogenic belt.
Located between the Yangtze massif and the Cathaysian block,the Jiangnan orogenic belt is composed of a series of Pre-Sinian low-grade meta-volcaniclastic rocks.Between the Sinian and the Pre-Sinian strata,there is a regional angular unconformity.Within the Pre-Sinian strata,there are several local unconformities,whose precise ages and tectonic affinities play a significant role in understanding the tectonic evolution of the Jiangnan orogen.Unfortunately,the tectonic models of the Jiangnan orogen based on data available fail to consider these unconformities and regard the Neoproterozoic period as a continuous tectonic evolution episode.In the Guizhou-Guangxi-Hunan border area,the unconformity within the Neo-Proterozoic Qingbaikou System defines the Wuling or Sibao Movement.A growing body of high-quality in situ zircon geochronologic data has demonstrated that the Jiangnan orogen is mainly composed of Neoproterozoic geological bodies rather than Middle Proterozoic ones,and this rules out the possibility that the Wuling/Sibao Movement is of Grenville episode.Thus,precise dating of the strata below this unconformity plays a fundamental role in tectonic reconstruction of the Jiangnan orogenic belt.The Fanjingshan area in eastern Guizhou Province lies in the southwest segment of the Jiangnan orogen,where strata with variable ages are well exposed with clear structural relationships,and hence this area is an ideal area for studying tectonic evolution of the Jiangnan orogen.The Pre-Nanhua strata in the Fanjingshan area are assigned to the Fanjingshan Group consisting of seven formations.From the bottom upwards,the grain size of the sediments decreases,suggesting a complete basin sedimentary sequence.The middle segment of the Fanjingshan Group consists of numerous volcanic rocks comprising basalt,tuff,and volcaniclastic rocks.This paper reports four in-situ zircon LA-ICP-MS U-Pb dating results to precisely constrain the sedimentation time of the Fanjingshan Group.CL images reveal that the fine-grained zircons from these samples have similar internal structures.Most zircons have well-preserved sector zoning,like those derived from a mafic rock,while the zoning of some zircons has been partially destroyed probably due to late stage fluid activity.In some zircon grains,zoning is totally absent.LA-ICP-MS U-Pb analyses indicate that all the zircons without zoning have 206Pb/238U ages older than 1.0 Ga;on the other hand,the zircons whose zoning has been destroyed yielded unusually low 206Pb/238U age value down to 50 Ma.Analyses of other grains yielded accordant 206Pb/238U ages,showing slightly different weighted mean ages of various samples.Two volcanic samples yielded weighted mean zircon U-Pb ages of 832 Ma(MSWD=6.5,the Tongchang Formation) and 851 Ma(MSWD=1.5,the Yujiagou Formation) respectively,whereas analyses of two fine volcaniclastic samples from the Yujiagou Formation yielded weighted mean detrital zircon U-Pb ages of 849 Ma(MSWD=8.9)and 845 Ma(MSWD=1.18),respectively.These new data,along with previously published data,demonstrate that the Fanjingshan Group was deposited during the period of 850~815 Ma,which precisely constrains the timing of the Wuling/Sibao Movement,provides critical data for geological correlation,and helps understand the possible tectonic evolution of the Jiangnan orogenic belt.
引文
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Dong Shuwen,Xue Huai min,Xiang Xinkui,et al.,2010.The discov-ery of Neoproterozoic pillow lava in spilite-ceratophyre of Lushanarea,northern Jiangxi Province,and its geological significance[J].Geologyin China,37:1 021~1 033(in Chinese with English ab-stract).
Gao Linzhi,Chen Jun,Ding Xiaozhong,et al.2011.Zircon SHRI MPU-Pb dating of thetuff bed of Lengjiaxi and Banxi groups,northeast-ern Hunan:constraints on the Wuling Movement[J].GeologicalBulletin of China,30(7):1 001~1 008(in Chinese with English ab-stract).
Gao Linzhi,Dai Chuangu,Liu Yanxue,et al.2010.Zircon SHRI MPU-Pb dating of the tuffaceous bed of the Xiajiang Group in GuizhouProvince andits stratigraphic i mplications[J].Geology in China,37(4):1 070~1 080(in Chinese with English abstract).
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Wang Xiaolei,Zhou Jincheng,Qiu Jiansheng,et al.2003.Geochem-istry of the Meso-Neoproterozoic volcanic-intrusive rocks from HunanProvince andits petrologic significances[J].Acta Petrologica Sinica,19(1):49~60(in Chinese with English abstract).
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Dong Shuwen,Xue Huai min,Xiang Xinkui,et al.,2010.The discov-ery of Neoproterozoic pillow lava in spilite-ceratophyre of Lushanarea,northern Jiangxi Province,and its geological significance[J].Geologyin China,37:1 021~1 033(in Chinese with English ab-stract).
Gao Linzhi,Chen Jun,Ding Xiaozhong,et al.2011.Zircon SHRI MPU-Pb dating of thetuff bed of Lengjiaxi and Banxi groups,northeast-ern Hunan:constraints on the Wuling Movement[J].GeologicalBulletin of China,30(7):1 001~1 008(in Chinese with English ab-stract).
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Hou Kejun,Li Yanhe and Tian Yourong.2009.Insitu U-Pbzircon dat-ing usinglaser ablation-multi ion couting-ICP-MS[J].Mineral De-posits,28:481~492(in Chinese with English abstract).
Li Xianhua.1999.Zircon U-Pb ages of granites fromnorthern Guangxiandtheir tectonic significance[J].Geochemica,28(1):1~9(inChinese with English abstract).
Li Xianhua,Li Zhengxiang,Ge Wenchun,et al.2001.U-Pb zircon ages of the Neoproterozoic granitoidsin South China andthe tectonici mplications[J].Bulletin of Mineralogy,Petrology,and Geochem-istry,20(4):271~273(in Chinese with English abstract).
Li X H,Li Z X,Ge W C,et al.2003.Neoproterozoic granitoids inSouth China:crustal melting above a mantle plume at ca.825 Ma?[J].Precambrian Reserch,122:45~83.
Li Z X,Li X Hand Kinny P D.1999.The breakup of Rodinia:Did isstart with a mantle plume beneath South China?[J].Earth andPlanetary Sciences Letters,173:171~181.
Li Z X,Li X H,Kinny P D,et al.2003.Geochronology of Neopro-terozoic syn-rift magmatisminthe Yangtze Graton,South China andcorrelations with other continents:evidence for a mantle superplumethat broke up Rodinia[J].Precambrian Research,122(1~4):85~109.
Liu Y S,Hu Z C,Gao S,et al.2008.In situ analysis of major andtrace elements of anhydrous minerals by LA-ICP-MS without apply-ing aninternal standard[J].Chemical Geology,257:34~43.
Ludwig K R.2003.Isoplot/EX(revision 3.00),A GeochronologicalToolkit for Microsoft Excel[M].Berkeley Geochronology CenterSpecial Publication,4:71.
Shui Tao.1987.Tectonic framework of the continental basement,southeastern China[J].Sciences in China,Series B,4:414~421(in Chinese with English abstract).
Wang Jian.2005.Newadvances in the study of the“Nanhua System”with particular reference to the stratigraphic division and correlationof the Nanhua System[J].Geological Bulletin of China,24(6):491~495(in Chinese with English abstract).
Wang J and Li Z X.2003.History of Neoproterozoic rift basinsin SouthChina:i mplicationsfor Rodinia break-up[J].Precambrian Research,122:141~158.
Wang LJ,Griffin WL,YuJ H,et al.2010.Precambrian crustal evo-lution of the Yangtze Block tracked by detrital zircons from Neopro-terozoic sedi mentary[J].Precambrian Research,177:131~144.
Wang X C,Li X H,Li W X,et al.2007.Ca.825 Ma komatiticbasalts in south China:First evidence for>1 500℃mantle melts bya Rodinian mantle plume[J].Geology,35(2):1 103~1 106.
Wang Xiaolei,Zhou Jincheng,Qiu Jiansheng,et al.2003.Geochem-istry of the Meso-Neoproterozoic volcanic-intrusive rocks from HunanProvince andits petrologic significances[J].Acta Petrologica Sinica,19(1):49~60(in Chinese with English abstract).
Wang Xiaolei,ZhouJincheng,QiuJiansheng,et al.2004.Petrogenesisof Neo Proterozoic peraluminous granites from northeastern HunanProvince:chronological and geochemical constraint[J].GeologicalReview,50(1):65~76(in Chinese with English abstract).
Wang Xiaolei,ZhouJincheng,QiuJiansheng,et al.2006.LA-ICP-MSU-Pb zircon geochronology of the Neoproterozoic igneous rocks fromNorthern Guangxi,South China:I mplications for tectonic evolution[J].Precambrian Research,145:111~130.
Wang Yangeng.2001.The Grenville-age orogenic belt in the FanjingMountain area and the Rodinia supercontinent[J].Guizhou Geolo-gy,18(4):211~216(in Chinese).
Wu Rongxin,Zheng Yongfei and Wu Yuanbao.2007.Zircon U-Pb ageandisotope geochemistry of Neoproterozoic Jingtan volcanicsin SouthAnhui[J].Geological Journal of China Universities,13(2):282~296(in Chinese with English abstract).
Xia Linqi,Xia Zuchun,Li Xiangmin,et al.2009.Mid-Neoproterozoicrift-related volcanic rocks in South China:Geological records of rift-ing and break-up of the super-continent Rodinia[J].NorthwestGeology,42(1):1~33(in Chinese with English abstract).
Yin Chongyu,Liu Dunyi,Gao Linzhi,et al.2003.Lower boundaryage of the Nanhua system and the Gucheng Glacial stage:evidencefromSHRI MP II dating[J].Chinese Sciences Bulletin,48(16):1 657~1 662(in Chinese with English abstract).
Zhou Jibin,Li Xianhua,Ge Wenchun,et al.2007.Age and origin ofmiddle Neoproterozoic mafic magmatismin southern Yangtze Blockand relevance to the break-up of Rodinia[J].Gondwana Research,12:184~197.
Zhou Jincheng,Wang Xiaolei and Qiu Jiansheng.2003.The charactersof magmatismin the western section of the Jiangnan orogenic belt[J].Geological Journal of China Universities,11(4):527~533(inChinese with English abstract).
Zhou Jincheng,Wang Xiaolei and Qiu Jiansheng.2009.Geochronologyof Neoproterozoic mafic rocks and sandstones from northeasternGuizhou,South China:Coeval arc magmatism and sedi mentation[J].Precambrian Research,170:27~42.
Zhou MF,Yan D P,Kennedy A K,et al.2002.SHRI MP U-Pb zir-con geochronological and geochemical evidence for Neoproterozoic,arc-magmatismalongthe western margin of the Yangtze block,southChina[J].Earth and Planetary Science Letters,196:51~67.
柏道远,贾保华,刘伟.等.2010.湖南城步火成岩锆石SHRI MPU-Pb年龄及其对江南造山带新元古代构造演化的约束[J].地质学报,84:1 715~1 726.
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