基于RS和GIS的退耕还林模式对三峡库区黑沟小流域生态服务价值的影响
摘要
土地是各种陆地生态系统的载体,土地利用方式的变化必然影响生态系统的结构和服务功能。中国已采取退耕还林等多种措施来调整土地利用结构,提高生态系统功能。在Constanza生态系统服务价值理论基础上,结合有关中国陆地生态系统单位面积生态服务价值的研究成果,基于RS和GIS手段计算了三峡库区黑沟小流域在模式A(不实行退耕还林)、模式B(>25°坡地退耕还林)、模式C(>15°坡地退耕还林)等3种模式下流域尺度生态系统服务价值的变化。结果表明:与模式A相比,模式B耕地面积减少了20.3%,林地面积增加了66.9%,未利用地面积减少了34.8%,全流域生态服务价值增加了18.3%;模式C耕地面积减少了51.2%,林地面积增加了149.9%,未利用地面积减少了49.3%,全流域生态服务价值增加了38.7%;林地对生态系统服务价值的贡献最大。退耕还林工程的实施,在保护环境、治理水土流失等方面具有显著作用。
Land is the carrier of various terrestrial ecosystems,the change of land use cover would impact the structure and service function of ecosystem unavoidably. Several environmental protection policies have been implemented to increase the function of ecosystem in China. The objective of this study is to evaluate the long-term impact of implementation of the 'conversion cropland to forest policy' (CCFP) on the ecosystem service value at watershed level. With referring to the table of Chinese land ecosystem services value of unit area and analyzing the data of there scenarios of CCFP based on the RS and GIS in Heigou watershed of Three Gorges Reservoir area,changes of the values of ecosystem services caused by CCFP were estimated.There scenarios are constructed representing different patterns of conversion from cropland to forest under various conditions set by the CCFP. Scenario A represented the baseline,i.e.,the cropland and forest area conditions before the implementation of CCFP. In scenario B and C,hillside cropland with slope larger than 25° and 15° was substituted by forest,respectively. The results showed that,comparing to Scenario A,the area of forest of Scenario B increased by 66.9%,and the areas of cropland no use land decreased by 20.3 and 34.8% respectively. The value of ecosystem service increased by 18.3%; The area of forest of Scenario C increased by 149.9%,the areas of cropland no use land decreased by 51.2% and 49.3% respectively. The value of ecosystem service increased by 38.7%. Values ecosystem services increased mainly resulted from the implementation of CCFP. It confirmed the benefits of implementing CCFP in increasing ecosystem service value by increasing forest area in mountainous areas.
Land is the carrier of various terrestrial ecosystems,the change of land use cover would impact the structure and service function of ecosystem unavoidably. Several environmental protection policies have been implemented to increase the function of ecosystem in China. The objective of this study is to evaluate the long-term impact of implementation of the 'conversion cropland to forest policy' (CCFP) on the ecosystem service value at watershed level. With referring to the table of Chinese land ecosystem services value of unit area and analyzing the data of there scenarios of CCFP based on the RS and GIS in Heigou watershed of Three Gorges Reservoir area,changes of the values of ecosystem services caused by CCFP were estimated.There scenarios are constructed representing different patterns of conversion from cropland to forest under various conditions set by the CCFP. Scenario A represented the baseline,i.e.,the cropland and forest area conditions before the implementation of CCFP. In scenario B and C,hillside cropland with slope larger than 25° and 15° was substituted by forest,respectively. The results showed that,comparing to Scenario A,the area of forest of Scenario B increased by 66.9%,and the areas of cropland no use land decreased by 20.3 and 34.8% respectively. The value of ecosystem service increased by 18.3%; The area of forest of Scenario C increased by 149.9%,the areas of cropland no use land decreased by 51.2% and 49.3% respectively. The value of ecosystem service increased by 38.7%. Values ecosystem services increased mainly resulted from the implementation of CCFP. It confirmed the benefits of implementing CCFP in increasing ecosystem service value by increasing forest area in mountainous areas.
引文
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[19]Tang G A,Zhao MD,Li T W,et al.Modeling slope uncertainty derived from DEMs in loess plateau[J].Acta Geographica Sinica,2003,58(6):824-830.
[2]Daily G C,Soderqvist T,Aniyar S,et al.Ecology-The value of nature and the nature of value[J].Science,2000,5478:395-396.
[3]张津涛,张建军,郭小平.晋西黄土残塬沟壑区沙棘生物量及水土保持效益的研究[J].北京林业大学学报,1993,15(4):118-124.
[4]肖寒,欧阳志云,赵景柱.海南岛生态系统土壤保持空间分布特性及生态经济价值评估[J].生态学报,2000,20(4):552-558.
[5]肖寒,欧阳志云.森林生态系统服务功能及其生态价值评估初探[J].应用生态学报,2000,11(4):481-484.
[6]苏朝阳,苗长虹.开封市土地利用时空变化的生态系统服务价值评估[J].水土保持研究,2008,15(5):116-119.
[7]莫源富,周立新.TM数据在土地利用动态监测中的应用[J].国土资源遥感,2000(2):113-117.
[8]周乐群,孙长安,高改萍,等.长江三峡工程库区生态环境遥感动态监[J].国土资源遥感,2005(1):49-52.
[9]田贵全,张明才.山东省生态环境遥感监测[J].国土资源遥感,2006(4):63-67.
[10]陈强,陈正江,张兴国,等.基于RS/GIS的艾比湖沿岸绿洲生态系统服务功能价值及其演变[J].水土保持通报,2005,25(2):79-82.
[11]李晶,任志远.基于GIS的陕北黄土高原土地生态系统水土保持价值评价[J].中国农业科学,2007,40(12):2796-2803.
[12]申海建,郭荣中,江艺明,等.基于RS和GIS的土地利用变化对生态系统服务价值的影响[J].安徽农业科学,2008,36(11):4781-4783.
[13]谢高地,鲁春霞,冷允法,等.青藏高原生态资产的价值评估[J].自然资源学报,2003,18(2):189-195.
[14]段瑞娟,郝晋珉,张洁瑕.北京区位土地利用与生态系统服务价值变化研究[J].农业工程学报,2006,22(9):21-28.
[15]万利,陈佑启,谭靖,等.土地利用变化对区域生态系统服务价值的影响[J].地域研究与开发,2009,28(4):95-99.
[16]田耀武,王建东,张世平.郑州西南绕城高速公路不同时期生态系统服务价值研究[J].中南公路工程,2006,31(3):81-86.
[17]Wu S,Li J,Huang G.An evaluation of grid size un-certaintyin empirical soil loss modeling with digital el-evation models[J].Environmental Modeling and As-sessment,2005,10:33-42.
[18]田耀武,黄志霖,曾立雄,等.DEM格网尺度对An-nAGNPS预测山地小流域径流和物质输出的影响[J].环境科学学报,2009,29(4):846-853.
[19]Tang G A,Zhao MD,Li T W,et al.Modeling slope uncertainty derived from DEMs in loess plateau[J].Acta Geographica Sinica,2003,58(6):824-830.
目录