江西信江盆地红层及其地貌发育研究
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摘要
江西信江盆地丹霞地貌的成景地层为晚白垩系陆相红色碎屑岩,红层的厚度、岩石学和地球化学特征及其在盆地内出露制约着丹霞地貌的发育、景观类型及其组合以及在盆地内的分布。信江盆地边缘主要出露茅店组、河口组和莲荷组巨厚层砾岩、含砾砂岩和砂岩,以铁质胶结和少量钙质胶结为主,可溶性成分含量低,这些红层以发育高大的顶斜型峰林型、峰丛型丹霞地貌组合为特征。盆地中部的河口组上部和塘边组地层含砾砂岩和砂岩为主,以钙质胶结为主,可溶性成分含量较低,常发育低矮的圆丘状丹霞地貌组合为特征,大型岩洞是其典型的景观类型。过渡地带主要为河口组上部、塘边组和莲荷组下部的砂岩、含砾砂岩,丹霞地貌只发育于断层或河流发育地区,以顶平型丹霞地貌组合为特征。以钙泥质胶结为主,可溶性成分含量高的细碎屑岩中一般不发育丹霞地貌。
The strata that formed Danxia landforms in Xinjiang basin,Jiangxi province are terrestrial red classic rocks of late Cretaceous.The development of Danxia landforms,landscape types,assemblages and their distribution in the basin are controlled by thickness,lithological and geochemical features and distribution of red beds.In the marginal parts of Xinjiang basin there are exposed very thick bedded rocks including conglomerate,pebbled sandstone and sandstone of Maodian formation,Hekou formation and Lianhe formation,the cements in the rocks are mainly ferric and calcareous,thus the contents of soluble components are low.These red beds are characterized by development of Danxia landforms with oblique-shaped peaks,upright-shaped peaks and cluster-shaped peaks.The strata of upper Hekou formation and Tangbian formation in the middle parts of basin are mainly composed of thick or very thick bedded sandstone and pebbly sandstone with large-scale cross beddings,the cements in the rocks are mainly calcareous and the contents of soluble components are very low,they are characterized by development of Danxia landscapes with low knoll-shaped landform assemblages,the typical landscape types of the basin are big stone caves along the banks.In the transitional parts of the basin,there are exposed mainly sandstone and pebbled sandstone of upper Hekou formation,Tangbian formation and lower Lianhe formation,they formed Danxia landform assemblages of mesas,narrow valleys,stone cliffs with flat tops.The fine grained clastic rocks,in which the cements are mainly calcareous and the contents of soluble components are high,generally can not form Danxia landforms.
The strata that formed Danxia landforms in Xinjiang basin,Jiangxi province are terrestrial red classic rocks of late Cretaceous.The development of Danxia landforms,landscape types,assemblages and their distribution in the basin are controlled by thickness,lithological and geochemical features and distribution of red beds.In the marginal parts of Xinjiang basin there are exposed very thick bedded rocks including conglomerate,pebbled sandstone and sandstone of Maodian formation,Hekou formation and Lianhe formation,the cements in the rocks are mainly ferric and calcareous,thus the contents of soluble components are low.These red beds are characterized by development of Danxia landforms with oblique-shaped peaks,upright-shaped peaks and cluster-shaped peaks.The strata of upper Hekou formation and Tangbian formation in the middle parts of basin are mainly composed of thick or very thick bedded sandstone and pebbly sandstone with large-scale cross beddings,the cements in the rocks are mainly calcareous and the contents of soluble components are very low,they are characterized by development of Danxia landscapes with low knoll-shaped landform assemblages,the typical landscape types of the basin are big stone caves along the banks.In the transitional parts of the basin,there are exposed mainly sandstone and pebbled sandstone of upper Hekou formation,Tangbian formation and lower Lianhe formation,they formed Danxia landform assemblages of mesas,narrow valleys,stone cliffs with flat tops.The fine grained clastic rocks,in which the cements are mainly calcareous and the contents of soluble components are high,generally can not form Danxia landforms.
引文
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[8]邓家瑞,张志平.赣杭构造带及其地质意义[J].铀矿地质,1989,5(1):15-21.
[9]舒良树,周新民.中国东南部晚中生代构造作用[J].地质论评,2002,48(3):249-260.
[10]Charvet J,Faure M,Xu Jiawei,et al.La zone tectonique de Changle—Nanao,Chine dusudest.CR[J].Acad.Sci.Paris,t310,1990(2):1271-1278.
[11]舒良树,于津海,王德滋.长乐-南澳断裂带晚中生代岩浆活动与变质-变形特征[J].高校地质学报,2000,6(3):368-378.
[12]余心起,舒良树,颜铁增,等.赣杭构造带红层盆地原型及其沉积作用[J].沉积学报,2005,23(1):12-23.
[13]江新胜,潘忠习,徐金沙,等.江西信江盆地晚白垩世风成沙丘的发现及其古风向[J].地质通报,2006,25(7):833-838.
[14]姜勇彪,郭福生,刘林清,等.广丰盆地白垩纪红层及其地貌景观发育研究[J].资源调查与环境,2009,30(4):235-242.
[2]彭华,吴志才.关于红层特点及分布规律的初步探讨[J].中山大学学报(自然科学版),2003,42(5):109-113.
[3]黄进.中国丹霞地貌简表[C].第一届丹霞地貌国际学术讨论会会议论文(第一卷)[A].2009,183-208.
[4]齐德利,于蓉,张忍顺,等.中国丹霞地貌空间格局[J].地理学报,2005,60(1):41-52.
[5]朱诚,彭华,李世成,等.安徽齐云山丹霞地貌成因[J].地理学报,2005,60(3):445-455.
[6]朱诚,彭华,李中轩,等.浙江江郎山丹霞地貌发育的年代与成因[J].地理学报,2009,64(1):21-32.
[7]朱诚,俞锦标,赵宁曦,等.福建冠豸山丹霞地貌成因及旅游景观特色[J].地理学报,2000,55(6):279-288.
[8]邓家瑞,张志平.赣杭构造带及其地质意义[J].铀矿地质,1989,5(1):15-21.
[9]舒良树,周新民.中国东南部晚中生代构造作用[J].地质论评,2002,48(3):249-260.
[10]Charvet J,Faure M,Xu Jiawei,et al.La zone tectonique de Changle—Nanao,Chine dusudest.CR[J].Acad.Sci.Paris,t310,1990(2):1271-1278.
[11]舒良树,于津海,王德滋.长乐-南澳断裂带晚中生代岩浆活动与变质-变形特征[J].高校地质学报,2000,6(3):368-378.
[12]余心起,舒良树,颜铁增,等.赣杭构造带红层盆地原型及其沉积作用[J].沉积学报,2005,23(1):12-23.
[13]江新胜,潘忠习,徐金沙,等.江西信江盆地晚白垩世风成沙丘的发现及其古风向[J].地质通报,2006,25(7):833-838.
[14]姜勇彪,郭福生,刘林清,等.广丰盆地白垩纪红层及其地貌景观发育研究[J].资源调查与环境,2009,30(4):235-242.
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