贵州东南区埃迪卡拉系层序地层格架
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摘要
贵州地区的埃迪卡拉系由陡山沱组和灯影组构成,其中陡山沱组以硅质岩为主,灯影组以泥晶白云岩为特征。选取典型剖面进行层序划分,通过空间追索和对比,建立研究区埃迪卡拉系层序地层格架。层序地层格架的建立表明:从陡山沱组到灯影组构成一个总体向上变浅的沉积序列,该序列组成一个二级构造层序,并进一步划分为5个三级层序。二级层序及其所包含三级层序具有相似的相序组构,体现出"旋回含旋回"的特征。从浅水台地区到深水盆地区,灯影组白云岩不存在白云岩相变为灰岩的现象,可能从另一个角度表明这套白云岩就像陡山沱组底部的"帽白云岩"那样是原生白云石沉淀作用的产物,并且可能反映了"帽白云岩"所指示的前寒武纪晚期"极端温室效应"的延续。
Ediacaran system in Guizhou Province is made up of the Doushantuo Formation and the Dengying Formation,in which the Doushantuo Formation is mainly composed of siliceous rock,and the Dengying Formation is mainly marked by micritic dolomite.On the basis of sequence-stratigraphic division for some typical sections,sequence-stratigraphic framework for the Ediacaran system in the southeastern part of Guizhou Province can be established.The stratigraphic succession from the Doushantuo Formation to the Dengying Formation constitute an upward shoaling sedimentary succession,and this succession make up one second-order sequence that can be further divided into 5 third-order sequence.Importantly,the similarity of succession of sedimentary facies between the second-order and third-order sequences reflects the basic feature,i.e."cycle within cycle".Furthermore,an important phenomenon that dolomites in shallow platform do not change into limestone in deep-water basin within the Dengying Formation reflects an important sedimentary feature,i.e.this set of dolomits may be resulted from primary precipitation that is same as the formation of "cap dolomite" in the bottom of the Doushantuo Formation and may represent the continuation of "the extreme greenhouse effect" in the Late Precambrian.
Ediacaran system in Guizhou Province is made up of the Doushantuo Formation and the Dengying Formation,in which the Doushantuo Formation is mainly composed of siliceous rock,and the Dengying Formation is mainly marked by micritic dolomite.On the basis of sequence-stratigraphic division for some typical sections,sequence-stratigraphic framework for the Ediacaran system in the southeastern part of Guizhou Province can be established.The stratigraphic succession from the Doushantuo Formation to the Dengying Formation constitute an upward shoaling sedimentary succession,and this succession make up one second-order sequence that can be further divided into 5 third-order sequence.Importantly,the similarity of succession of sedimentary facies between the second-order and third-order sequences reflects the basic feature,i.e."cycle within cycle".Furthermore,an important phenomenon that dolomites in shallow platform do not change into limestone in deep-water basin within the Dengying Formation reflects an important sedimentary feature,i.e.this set of dolomits may be resulted from primary precipitation that is same as the formation of "cap dolomite" in the bottom of the Doushantuo Formation and may represent the continuation of "the extreme greenhouse effect" in the Late Precambrian.
引文
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[33]储雪蕾.新元古代的“雪球地球”[J].矿物岩石地球化学通报,2004,23(3):233-238.
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[2]贵州省区域地质调查院.贵州地层典[M].贵阳:贵州科技出版社,1996:1-319.
[3]贵州省地质矿产局.贵州省区域地质志[M].北京:地质出版社,1996:1-698.
[4]Yin Chongyu,Tang Feng,Liu Yongqin,et al.New U-Pb zirconages from the Ediacaran System in the Yangtze Gorges:constrainton the age of Miaohe biota and Marinoan glaciation[J].Geolog-ical Bulletin of China,2005,24(5):393-400.
[5]唐烽,尹崇玉,刘鹏举,等.滇东埃迪卡拉(震旦)系顶部旧城段多样宏体化石群的发现[J].古地理学报,2007,9(5):533-540.
[6]颜丹平,刘鹤,魏国庆,等.龙门山后山震旦系—古生界变形变质作用:松潘—甘孜造山带中生代伸展垮塌下的中地壳韧性流壳层[J].地学前缘,2008,15(3):186-198.
[7]邢裕盛,高振家,王自强,等.中国地层典(新元古界)[M].北京:地质出版社,1996:1-117.
[8]梅冥相,周鹏,张海,等.上扬子区震旦系层序地层格架及其形成的古地理背景[J].古地理学报,2006,8(2):219-231.
[9]梅冥相,聂瑞贞,张海,等.上扬子区震旦系层序地层划分[J].现代地质,2006,20(1):49-60.
[10]梅冥相.上扬子区寒武系娄山关群白云岩层序地层格架及其古地理背景[J].古地理学报,2007,9(2):117-132.
[11]梅冥相,刘智荣,孟晓庆,等.上扬子区中、上寒武统的层序地层划分和层序地层格架的建立[J].沉积学报,2006,24(5):617-626.
[12]夏文杰,杜森官,徐新煌,等.中国南方震旦纪岩相古地理与成矿作用[M].北京:地质出版社,1994:1-100.
[13]刘宝珺,许效松.中国南方岩相古地理图集(震旦纪—三叠纪)[M].北京:科学出版社,1994:1-57.
[14]梅冥相,徐德斌.沉积地层旋回性记录中几个理论问题的认识——兼论“露头层序地层”的工作方法[J].现代地质,1996,10(3):85-92.
[15]梅冥相.从地层记录的特征论岩石地层学的困惑[J].地层学杂志,1996,20(3):207-212.
[16]梅冥相,马永生.从旋回层序的特征论地层记录的两种相变面及两种穿时性[J].地层学杂志,2001,25(2):150-153.
[17]张海.上扬子区震旦系层序地层格架及其古地理背景演化[D].北京:中国地质大学(北京),2006:1-52.
[18]Hunt D,Tucker ME.Stranded parasequences and forced regres-sive wedge system tract:deposition during base-level fall[J].Sedimentary Geology,1992,81(1/2):1-9.
[19]梅冥相,杨欣德.强迫型海退及强迫型海退楔体系域——对传统Exxon层序地层学模式的修正[J].地质科技情报,2000,19(2):17-21.
[20]沙庆安.混积岩一例——滇东震旦系陡山沱组砂质砂屑白云岩的成因[J].古地理学报,2001,3(4):56-60.
[21]王自强,高林志,尹崇玉.峡东地区震旦系层型剖面的界定与层序划分[J].地质论评,2001,47(5):449-458.
[22]王自强,尹崇玉,高林志,等.湖北宜昌峡东地区震旦系层型剖面化学地层特征及其国际对比[J].地质论评,2002,48(4):408-415.
[23]梅冥相,高金汉.岩石地层的相分析方法与原理[M].北京:地质出版社,2005:1-115.
[24]徐强,姜烨,董伟良,等.中国层序地层研究现状和发展方向[J].沉积学报,2003,21(1):154-167.
[25]Canfield D E.A newmodel for Proterozoic ocean chemistry[J].Nature,1998,396:450-453.
[26]Kennedy M J.Stratigraphy,sedimentology,and isotopic geo-chemistry of Australian Neoproterozoic postglacial cap dolostones:deglaciation,δ13C excursions,and carbonatepre capitation[J].Journal of Sedimentary Research,1996,66(6):1050-1064.
[27]Hoffman P F,Kaufman AJ,Halverson G P,et al.ANeoprotero-zoic snowball Earth[J].Science,1998,281(5381):1342-1346.
[28]Hoffman P F.The break-up of Rodinia,birth of Gondwana,truepolar wander and the snowball Earth[J].Journal of AfricanEarth Sciences,1999,28(1):17-33.
[29]Myrow P M,Kaufman A J.A newly discovered cap carbonate a-bove Veranger-age glacial deposits in Newfounland,Canada[J].Journa of Sedimentary Research,1999,69(3):784-793.
[30]Knoll A H.Learning to tell Neoproterozoic time[J].Precambri-an Research,2000,100(1/3):3-20.
[31]Schrag D P,Berner R A,Hoffman P F.On the initiation of asnowball Earth[J].Geochemistry,Geophysics,Geosystems,2002,3(6):1-21.
[32]Jiang G,Kennedy M J,Christie-Blick N.Stable isotopic evi-dence for methane seeps in Neoproterozoic postglacial cap dolo-mites[J].Nature,2003,426:822-826.
[33]储雪蕾.新元古代的“雪球地球”[J].矿物岩石地球化学通报,2004,23(3):233-238.
[34]冯增昭,彭永民,金振奎,等.中国南方寒武纪和奥陶纪岩相古地理[M].北京:地质出版社,2001:1-221.
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